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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are the four types of cell adaptation?
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atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, metaplasia
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Name two bi-products of intracellular accumulations
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lipofuscin
myelin figures |
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What is all disease caused by?
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some form of injury to cells
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Name four categories of hyperplasia
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compensatory, hormonal, Pathologic, Atypical
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Infectious agents cause injury to cells. Infectious agents work by?
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Direct destruction
Release of toxins hypersensitivity reaction |
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Give an example of an infectious agent that works through release of toxins
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tetanus bacteria
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Give an example of a hypersensitivity reaction
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overreaction of the body to the microbe TB (tuberculosis)
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There are certain physical agents that can cause cell injury, one of which is temperature extremes. What happens to a cell if the temp. is too hi? Too cold?
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Too hi-proteins begin to coagulate
Too cold- ice crystals form in cell and cause cell to expand, when cell thaws it shrinks |
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What can cause lipid accumulations in cells?
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starvation
lipid storage diseases- ex)tay sachs toxins- ex) ETOH |
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How does Alcohol stimulate accumulation of fat in the liver?
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-FFA from FFA stores in body
-has high caloric content and acts as a substrate for new fate stores -inhibits several degradation enzymes -inhibits protein synthesis and the export of fat from the liver in the form of lipoprotiens |
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what are two types of Ca++ accumulations?
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Dystrophic- Calcium of dead and dying tissue
Metastatic- due to excessively high calcium levels in the blood |
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Excessively high calcium levels in the blood is called?
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hypercalcemia
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What is another term for localized cell death?
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necrosis
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what are the four types of necrosis?
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coagulative
liquifactive caseous fat necrosis |
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What is apoptosis?
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programmed "active" cell death
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