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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Prostate Specific Antigen is produced by normal prostate. When will these levels be elevated?
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Cancer
Inflammation Infection Manipulation |
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What is the CEA marker?
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Carcinembryonic antigen
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CEA is seen elevated in colon, breast, gastric, thyroid, and pancreatic cancers as well as cirrhosis, hepatitis, peptic ulcer disease, ulcerative colitis, crohn's disease and hypothyroid. It is not a useful screening, but what is it useful as?
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It is used to monitor patients with a history of colon cancer
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What is CA-125?
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A protein found on the cells that border the pelvic organs and peritoneum
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When is CA-125 elevated?
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Ovarian and cervical cancer
Also with endometriosis, ovarian cysts, liver disease and pregnancy |
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What is HCG?
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Human Chorionic Gonadotropin
A glycoprotein normally produced in the placenta during pregnancy |
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When is HCG elevated?
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Tumors of men and women with germ cell origin.
Not sensitive enough to screen asymptomatic individuals. |
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What is this marker used for?
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To assess the effectiveness of therapy and for disease progression.
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What is alpha fetoprotein?
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A glycoprotein made in the liver, GI tract and fetal yolk sac.
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When is this marker elevated?
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hepatic and testicular non-seminomatous germ cell cancers
Pregnancy, hepatitis and cirrhosis |
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Why is it useful clinically?
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To diagnose hepatic cancer
If levels increase in a patient with disease remission, chemotherapy is done. |
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How are estrogen and progesterone receptors a marker for breast cancer?
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They are found on the outsides of tumor cells.
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Women with high concentrations of ER on their tumors will likely respond well to these drugs
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Tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors
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What is HER-2?
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A growth factor receptor family with TK activity.
20% of tumors overexpress this receptor. |
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What is BCL-ABL?
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A fusion gene (philadelphia chromosome)
It encodes a protein with deregulated tyrosine kinase activity. |
