Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Organs that respond to a particular hormone are called:
|
A. target organs
B. integrated organs C. responder organs D. hormone attack organs E. none of the above is correct |
|
|
A major feature of the "plasma membrane receptor" mechanism of hormonal action is:
|
A. action of cyclic AMP
B. increased lysosomal activity C. requirement of a second messenger D. all of the above are correct E. both A and C are correct |
|
|
A major feature of the "activation of genes" mechanism of hormonal action is:
|
A. a second messenger is used
B. a hormone-Golgi complex is used C. the hormone enters the cell D. lysosomal activity increases E. all of the above are correct |
|
|
A hormone having an antidiuretic effect similar to that of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is:
|
A. insulin
B. oxytocin C. hGH D. aldosterone E. adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) |
|
|
The hypothalamus controls the adenohypophysis by direct involvement of:
|
A. nerve impulses
B. prostaglandis C. cerebrocortical controlling factors (CCCF) D. regulating hormones E. none of the above is correct |
|
|
Hormones convey regulatory information by:
|
A. endocrine signaling
B. paracrine signaling C. autocrine signaling D. synaptic signaling E. all of the above are correct |
|
|
If calcium levels in the blood were too high, thyrocalcitonin (calcitonin) concentrations in the blood should:
|
A. increase, thereby inhibiting osteoclasts
B. increase, thereby stimulating osteoclasts C. increase, but this would not affect osteoclasts D. decrease, thereby inhibiting osteoclasts E. decrease, thereby stimulating osteoclasts |
|
|
In the negative feedback mechanism controlling thyroid hormone secretion, which is the nonregulatory hormone?
|
A. thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
B. thyroid-stimulationg hormone (TSH) C. thyroxine D. all of the above are regulatory for thyroid hormone secretion |
|
|
The control of parathyroid hormone is most accurately described as:
|
A. negative feedback controlled by the hypothalamus
B. positive feedback controlled by the pituitary C. negative feedback controlled |
|
|
Mineralocorticoids
(Match the group of adrenocortical hormones with its functions.) |
A. blood cell formation
B. antiinflammatory C. conserves sodium D. usually no function E. bone mineralization |
|
|
Glucocorticoids
(Match the group of adrenocortical hormones with its functions.) |
A. blood cell formation
B. antiinflammatory C. conserves sodium D. usually no function E. bone mineralization |
|
|
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system begins to function when renin is secreted by the:
|
A. adrenal cortex
B. adrenal medulla C. pancreas D. kidneys E. none of the above is correct |
|
|
The effects of adrenal medullary hormones and the effects of sympathetic stimulation can be described as:
|
A. opposites in all respects
B. overlapping in some respects C. opposites in some respects D. variable depending on the sex involved E. overlapping in most respects |
|
|
Which best describes the respective effects of insulin and glucagon on blood sugar?
|
A. insulin raises blood sugar; glucagon lowers it.
B. both raise blood sugar. C. insulin lowers blood sugar; glucagon raises it. D. both lower blood sugar. E. none of the above is correct |
|
|
The releasing hormones produced in the hypothalamus travel to the anterior pituitary via the:
|
A. stem neurons
B. infundibular stem C. hypophyseal stalk D. hypophysial portal system |
|
|
Which anabolic hormone increases muscle protein synthesis?
|
A. T4
B. aldosterone C. FSH D. insulin |
|
|
Aldosterone maintains electrolyte balance by:
|
A. retention of potassium
B. elimination of sodium C. retention of both Na and K D. both A and B are correct E. none of the above is correct |
|
|
ACTH
(Match the hormone with its target organ) |
A. mammary glands
B. adrenal cortex C. adrenal medulla D. thyroid gland E. adenohypophysis |
|
|
TSH
(Match the hormone with its target organ) |
A. mammary glands
B. adrenal cortex C. adrenal medulla D. thyroid gland E. adenohypophysis |
|
|
TRF
(Match the hormone with its target organ) |
A. mammary glands
B. adrenal cortex C. adrenal medulla D. thyroid gland E. adenohypophysis |
|
|
Prolactin
(Match the hormone with its target organ) |
A. mammary glands
B. adrenal cortex C. adrenal medulla D. thyroid gland E. adenohypophysis |
|
|
Epinephrine
(Match the hormone with its role) |
A. influence(s) inflammatory response
B. inhibit(s) growth C. cause(s) fight-or-fight response D. control(s) Na+, H+, and K+ levels E. act(s) as minor sex hormones F. stimulate(s) skin pigmentation |
|
|
Glucocorticoids
(Match the hormone with its role) |
A. influence(s) inflammatory response
B. inhibit(s) growth C. cause(s) fight-or-fight response D. control(s) Na+, H+, and K+ levels E. act(s) as minor sex hormones F. stimulate(s) skin pigmentation |
|
|
Mineralocorticoids
(Match the hormone with its role) |
A. influence(s) inflammatory response
B. inhibit(s) growth C. cause(s) fight-or-fight response D. control(s) Na+, H+, and K+ levels E. act(s) as minor sex hormones F. stimulate(s) skin pigmentation |
|
|
Gonadocorticoids
(Match the hormone with its role) |
A. influence(s) inflammatory response
B. inhibit(s) growth C. cause(s) fight-or-fight response D. control(s) Na+, H+, and K+ levels E. act(s) as minor sex hormones F. stimulate(s) skin pigmentation |
|
|
Which laboratory value would be expected in an individual with SIADH?
|
A. serum sodium = 150 mEq/L and urine hypoosmolality
B. serum potassium = 5 mEq/L and serum hypoosmolality C. serum sodium = 120 mEq/L and urine hypoosmolality D. serum potassium = 3 mEq/L and serum hyperosmolality |
|
|
Hypopituitarism is an adult male likely includes all of the following except:
|
A. dwarfism
B. impotence C. muscular mass decrease D. skin pallor |
|
|
Excessive secretion of GH in an adult may cause:
|
A. acromegaly
B. giantism C. hypoglycemia D. decreased metabolic rate |
|
|
A manifestation shared by both diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipid us is:
|
A. elevation blood and urine glucose levels
B. inability to produce ADH C. inability to produce insulin D. polyuria E. elevated blood urine and ketone body levels |
|
|
The manifestations of hyperthyroidism include all of the following except:
|
A. diarrhea
B. constipation C. heat intolerance D. weight loss E. wakefulness |
|
|
Hypothyroidism crisis is:
|
A. myxedema coma
B. addison disease C. cushing disease D. graves disease E. cretinism |
|
|
Graves disease is:
|
A. hyperthyroidism
B. associated with autoimmunity C. manifested by ophthalmopathy D. all of the above are correct |
|
|
Inadequate levels of thyroid hormones at birth may cause:
|
A. mental retardation
B. immediate death C. thyroid crisis D. myxedema E. dwarfism |
|
|
Hyperparathyroidism causes:
|
A. increased osteoclast activity
B. decreased plasma calcium C. increased phosphorus absorption from GI tract D. hypocalcemia |
|
|
A manifestation of hypocalcemia is:
|
A. myopathy
B. lethargy C. hypertension D. tetany E. bone cysts |
|
|
What is the most common cause of acromegaly?
|
A. anterior pituitary adenoma
B. overproduction of ACTH C. overproduction of TSH D. pituitary atrophy |
|
|
If a 19 year old woman were suffering from shortness of breath, weight loss, excessive sweating, exophthalmos, and irritability, which hormone would you expect to fine elevated in her serum?
|
A. cortisol
B. thyroxine C. ACTH D. 17-ketosteroid |
|
|
A 24 year old female with a history of juvenile onset diabetes is found in a stuporous state. She is hypotensive and has cold, clammy skin. What is the likely etiology of her condition?
|
A. hyperglycemia
B. insulin shock C. renal failure D. peripheral neuropathy |
|
|
A 10 year old male was brought into the emergency room comatose, suffering from metabolic acidosis with a blood glucose level of 800 mg/dl. The most probable disease causing his condition is:
|
A. cretinism
B. type 1 diabetes mellitus C. type 2 diabetes mellitus D. IGT E. GDM |
|
|
Your neighbor, not previously diagnosed as a diabetic, has gained 80 pounds in the past year and is able to produce some insulin. Her fasting blood sugar is always elevated. She is being treated with oral insulin simulating drugs. Your neighbor is most likely suffering from:
|
A. diabetes insipidus
B. type 1 diabetes mellitus C. type 2 diabetes mellitus D. IGT E. GDM |
|
|
Common symptoms and signs of diabetes mellitus include all of the following except:
|
A. hyperglycemia
B. blurred vision C. increased muscle anabolism D. persistent infection E. polyuria |
|
|
Which laboratory finding is inconsistent with a diagnosis of absolute insulin deficiency?
|
A. FBS (fasting blood sugar) of 90 mg/dl
B. ketouria C. blood glucose of 210 mg/dl after 1 hour following ingestion of 100g glucose D. decrease serum insulin level E. all of the above are consistent with type 1 diabetes mellitus |
|
|
Common complications of diabetes mellitus include all of the following except:
|
A. retinopathy
B. peripheral neuropathy C. nephropathy (kidney disease) D. none of the above is common E. all of the above are common |
|
|
An individual with type 1 diabetes mellitus experiences hunger, lightheadedness, headache, confusion, and tachycardia while cross-country running. The likely cause of these manifestations is:
|
A. hyperglycemia
B. eating a snack before running C. hypoglycemia because of running D. both A and B are correct E. none of the above is correct |
|
|
Which is/are expected during hyperinsulinism?
|
A. excess insulin
B. high serum glucose C. epinephrine release D. all of the above are correct E. both A and C are correct |
|
|
Long term corticosteroid therapy may cause: (more than one answer may be correct)
|
A. delayed wound healing
B. osteoporosis C. peptic ulcers D. hyperkalemia |
|
|
Which electrolyte alteration occurs in Addison's disease?
|
A. hypokalemia
B. hypernatremia C. hyponatremia D. hypocalcemia |
|
|
A benign tumor of adrenal glands that causes hypersecretion of aldosterone is:
|
A. addison's disease
B. a pheochromocytoma C. Gushing disease D. Cushing syndrome E. Conn disease |
|
|
Hypersecretion of aldosterone
(match the hypersecretion with the consequence) |
A. decreased cardiac output
B. hyperglycemia or osteoporosis C. BMR (basal metabolic rate) increases D. hypernatremia E. hyponatremia |
|
|
Hypersecretion of glucocorticoids
(match the hypersecretion with the consequence) |
A. decreased cardiac output
B. hyperglycemia or osteoporosis C. BMR (basal metabolic rate) increases D. hypernatremia E. hyponatremia |
