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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The respiratory unit consists of
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Respiratory bronchioles and alveoli
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Alveoli are excellent gas exchange units because of
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1. Their large surface areas
2. A very thin epithelial layer 3. Extensive vascularization |
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Surfactant
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Facilitates alveolar expansion during inspiration
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When the diaphragm and external intercostal contract
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The intrathoracic volume increases
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A shift to the right in the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve
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Improves oxygen release and increases oxygen movement into the cells
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In which sequence does PaO2 progressively decrease?
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Atmospheric air, aortic blood, body tissues
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Most O2 is carried in the blood ___; most CO2 is carried in the blood ___.
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Bond to hemoglobin; associated with bicarbonate/carbonic acid.
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Which ordinarily brings about the greatest increase in rate of respiration?
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Excess carbon dioxide
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Given that the oxygen content of blood equals 1.34 ml of O2 per gram of hemoglobin times the arterial oxygen saturation percentage, if hemoglobin concentration is 15 g/dl and arterial saturation is 98%, what is the arterial oxygen content?
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19.7 (1.34 X 15 X .98)
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The dorsal respiratory group (DRG) of neurons
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Sets the automatic rhythm of respiration
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Which sequence of structures does urine pass through as it leaves the body?
Ureter, renal pelvis, urinary bladder, major calyx, urethra, minor calyx |
1. Minor Calyx
2. Major Calyx 3. Renal Pelvis 4. Ureter 5. Urinary Bladder 6. Urethra |
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The functional unit of the human kidney is the
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Nephron
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The glomerular filtration rate is regulated by the
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1. Autonomic nervous system
2. Renin-angiotensin system 3. Arterial natriuretic factor |
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If the following hypothetical conditions exist in the nephron, what would be the net (effective) filtration pressure?
Glomerular blood hydrostatic = 80 mmHg Glomerular blood osmotic = 20 mmHg Capsular hydrostatic = 30 mmHg |
30 mmHg
(Glom. blood hydro) - (Capsular hydro + Glom. blood osm) = (80) - (30+20) = |
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Potassium is secreted by the ___ and reabsorbed by the ___.
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Distal convoluted tubule; proximal convoluted tubule.
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ADH causes water to
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1. Diffuse into the ascending limb of the vasa recta
2. Return to the systemic circulation |
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Plasma contains a much greater concentration of ___ than the glomerular filtrate.
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Protein
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If a small person excretes about 1 liter of urine during a 24 hour period, estimate the total amount of glomerular filtrate formed.
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100 liters
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Which should not appear in the glomerular filtrate (in any significant quantity) just after the process of glomerular filtration has been accomplished?
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Protein
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A waste product of protein metabolism is
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Urea
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