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91 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What do bones do?
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Give form to body
Support Tissue Permit Movement Protect vital organs Blood cell formation Store minerals |
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What are the structural components of bone tissue?
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Bone cells and bone matrix
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What do bone cells contain?
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Osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts
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What do osteoblasts do?
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build bones
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What do osteocytes do?
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"Mature" osteoblasts that maintain boney matrix
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What do osteoclasts do?
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Remodel bone
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What is the bone "glue" that gives the bone strength and stability?
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Collagen fibers
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What is very important in bone compression and resistance that aids in calcification of the bone?
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Proteglycans
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What are the types of bone tissue?
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Compact bone, spongy bone
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Which type of bone tissue is found most in the body that is very organized and strong with a haversion system?
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Compact bone
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Which bone tissue is found least and lacks haversion system?
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spongy
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Where is the nerve supply for the bone located? Hint: It covers the bone.
**Causes pain when we scrape the bone** |
Periosteum
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How many total bones are there?
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206
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How many bones are in the appendicular skeleton?
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126
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How many bones are in the axial skeleton?
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80
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Which bones are longer than they are wide that have diaphysis and epiphysis and metaphysis?
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long bones
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Which portion of the bone is the tubular portion?
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diaphysis
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Which portion of the bone is the end portion?
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epiphysis
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Which part of the bone lies between the diaphysis and epiphysis?
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metaphysis
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What is the growth plate that should close in mid puberty?
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epiphyseal plate
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Which bones are mooth, flat, slightly curved that contain spongy bone in between two layers of compact bone.
What are examples? |
Flat bones
Skull and ribs |
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Which bones cannot be classified any other way?
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Irregular bones
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Which bones are cube chaped with length, width, and height all about the same?
Examples? |
Short
Wrist and ankles |
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What occurs during the remodeling phase?
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Activation, Resorption, Formation
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What test is where you watch someone walk for a short distance and evaluate how they walk and posture?
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Gait analysis
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Which two serum levels tell you a lot about bone status?
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Serum calcium and phosphorus
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What scans are used to diagnose osteoporosis?
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Bone scanning and angiography
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What joints are bone to bone with a tiny piece of cartilage between them?
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Fibrous joints
example - skull |
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Which joints have a little bit of cartilage between the two of them
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Cartilaginous joints
ie, pubic bone |
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Which joints are very movable
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synovial
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Which test of joing function is an injection of dye into the joint that looks for a tear?
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Arthrography
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Which is a knee scope that is a camera type thing that they use to pac man the cartilage and eat down the excess cartilage?
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Arthroscopy
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What do millions of myofibrils make up?
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Muscle fibers
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What is the functional unit of the muscle?
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Myofibril
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What is the precursor to a muscle cell?
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Myoblast
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What is the cytoplasm of the muscle cell
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Sarcoplasm
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What is important for calcium transport and muscle contraction?
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Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
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Where does the muscle contract?
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Sarcomere
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Which test will you see an elevation when there is muscle damage taht is taken after a possible heart attack that you will take 3 times (every 8 hours), that takes 8-16 hours to see damage?
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CK (Creatine Phosphokinins
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What records the summation of the action potentials of the muscles that is done for peripheral neuropathy?
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EMG
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What test takes a piece of muscle and biopsy to observe what is going on?
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Muscle biopsy
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What happens to bones during aging?
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They become brittle and weak
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What happens to joints during aging?
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They decrease ROM
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What happens to muscle during aging?
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There is a slow decrease in strength and bulk
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What musculoskeletal injury is caused by some sort of trauma?
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Fracture
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What fracture occurs when a bone breaks all the way through?
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Complete
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What fracture occurs when a bone is damaged but still in one piece?
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Incomplete
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Which fracture is an opening of the skin and the bone is exposed that puts you at increased risk for infection?
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Open
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Which fracture has no opening of the skin?
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Closed
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Which fracture runs parallel to the bone?
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Linear
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Which fracture runs at a diagonal to the bone?
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Oblique
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Which fracture encircles the bone?
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Spiral
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Which fracture is perpedicular to the bone?
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Transverse
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What are clinical manifestations of a fracture?
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Impaired function, deformity, swelling, muscle spasm, tenderness, pain
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What is reduction?
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A relalignment of bone fragments
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What is maintaining the stability of a bone so that it can heal in the best way possible?
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Immobilization
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What is a break in a bone that they realign without surgery?
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Close manipulation
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What is a break in a bone that requires surgery to realign the bone?
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Open reduction
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What occurs when they place weights in the distal portion of the break to realign the bone. It is temporary
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Traction
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What fracture is seen in children b/c their bones are more bendable making them splinter and not break
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Greenstick fracture
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What fracture is a break in an area of a pre existing abnormality?
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Pathologic fracture
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What fracture is seen in athletes that repeated stress causes?
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Stress fracture
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What connects muscle to bone?
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Tnedon
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What connects bone to bone
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Ligament
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What is a stress or tear in a tendon?
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Strain
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What is a tear or a stress in a ligament?
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Sprain
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What is the complete separation of the tendon or ligament from its point of reference?
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Avulsion
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What is painful inflammation of the tendon?
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Tendonitis
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What is inflammation of the bursae?
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Bursitis
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What are small sacs of synovial fluid "compression networks"
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Bursae
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What is a mild injury usually seen after a traumatic or sports injury?
It is a local muscle damage that results from a sudden, forced motion that stretches the muscle beyond its normal capacity |
Muscle Strain
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What is a life threatening complication of severe muscle trauma?
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Myoglobinuria (Rhabomylosis)
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What complication occurs due to Myoglobinuria
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Renal Failure
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What is the disorder of the bone that is a weakening of the bone due to lack of calcium/vit. D
Think porous bone |
Osteoporosis
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What is the disorder of the bone when normal hardening of the bone does not occur that is directly related to vitamin D deficiency.
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Osteomalacia
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What is the disorder of the bone that breaks down and builds back up at abnormal rates. Causes thick and irregular bones (JAW)
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Paget's disease
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What is an infectious bone disease caused by bacteria?
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Osteomylitis
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What is a degenerative joint disease that is found in larger joints and spine and the hands that is non inflammatory that you treat with MOVEMENT!
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Degenerative Joint Disease - Osteoarthritis
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What is the Inflammatory Joint Disease that is autoimmune disease of the joints that causes pain in the fingers?
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RA
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What is a chronic inflammatory joing disease that you see fusion in the spinal area where you will see a slumping of the person
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Ankylosing Spondylitis
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What is increased uric acid production that causes extreme pain r/t high purine diet and ETOH consumption?
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Gout
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What Skeletal muscle disorder causes permanent muscle shortening that is caused by a spasm or weakness that is seen in people in nursing home and burn victims
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Contractures
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What causes tender point pain?
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Fibromyalgia
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What is the reduction of the normal size of muscle fiber from prolonged inactivity that you must treat with passive movements to prevent
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Disuse atrophy
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What is webbing of the fingers
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Syndactyly
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What is a brittle bone disease that is inherited that causes an increase risk of bone fracture?
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Osteogenesis imperfecta
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What commonly occurs in 3rd world countries due to a Vit. D deficiency
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Rickett's
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What is an abnormal curvature of the spine
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Scoliosis
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What is patellar tendonitis that is common in young boys that are active that you treat with rest for 3-4 weeks
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Osgood-Schlatter's disease
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What is a static disorder of the muscle caused by a loss of oxygen prior to birth or during birthing process?
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Cerebral Palsy
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What is degeneration of the skeletal muscle that occurs in males and generally appears to be normal functioning child until age 3 then they begin to digress. Life expectancy is 21
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Muscular dystrophy
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