Pathophysiology Final-Endocrine, Skeletal, Renal And Hematology

Front 1

Paracrine chemicals act:

Back 1

locally on cells other than those that produced the hormone

Front 2

Autocrine chemicals exert their effect on:

Back 2

the same cell that made the chemical

Front 3

Source of androgens, mainly testosterone

Back 3

Testes

Front 4

Source of estrogen

Back 4

Ovaries

Front 5

Source of progesterone

Back 5

Ovaries

Front 6

Source of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D

Back 6

Kidney

Front 7

Source of insulin

Back 7

Pancreatic islet cells

Front 8

Source of glucagon

Back 8

Pancreatic islet cells

Front 9

Source of somatostatin

Back 9

Pancreatic islet cells

Front 10

Source of Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Back 10

Parathyroid glands

Front 11

Source of calcitonin

Back 11

Thyroid C cells

Front 12

Source of thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxine (T4)

Back 12

Thyroid (follicular cells)

Front 13

Source of epinephrine

Back 13

Adrenal medulla

Front 14

Source of norepinephrine

Back 14

Adrenal medulla

Front 15

Source of adrenal androgens (mainly DHEA and adrostenedione)

Back 15

Adrenal cortex

Front 16

Source of glucocorticoids, maily cortisol

Back 16

Adrenal cortex

Front 17

Source of mineralcorticoids, mainly aldosterone

Back 17

Adrenal cortex

Front 18

Source of oxytocin

Back 18

Posterior pituitary

Front 19

Source of antidiuretic hormone

Back 19

Posterior pituitary

Front 20

Source of prolactin

Back 20

Anterior pituitary

Front 21

Source of lutenizing hormone (LH)

Back 21

Anterior pituitary

Front 22

Source of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

Back 22

Anterior pituitary

Front 23

Source of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

Back 23

Anterior pituitary

Front 24

Source of adrenocorticotropic hormones (ACTH)

Back 24

Anterior pituitary

Front 25

Source of growth hormone (GH)

Back 25

Anterior pituitary

Front 26

Source of somatostatin

Back 26

Hypothalamus

Front 27

Source of Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)

Back 27

Hypothalamus

Front 28

Source of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)

Back 28

Hypothalamus

Front 29

Source of Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH)

Back 29

Hypothalamus

Front 30

Source of Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)

Back 30

Hypothalamus

Front 31

Major action of somatostatin

Back 31

Inhibit GH and TSH

Front 32

Major action of the androgens (Testosterone)

Back 32

Affect the development of male sex organs and secondary sex characteristics; aid in sperm production

Front 33

Major action of progesterone

Back 33

Influence menstural cycle; stmulate growth of uterine wall; maintain pregnancy

Front 34

Major action of estrogen

Back 34

Affect development of female sex organs and secondary sex characteristics

Front 35

Major action of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D

Back 35

Stimulate calcium absorption from the intestine

Front 36

Major action of somatostatin

Back 36

Delays intestinal absorption of glucose

Front 37

Major action of glucagon

Back 37

Increase blood glucose concentration by stimulating glycogenolysis and glycogenisis

Front 38

Major action of insulin

Back 38

lowers blood glucose by facilitating transport across cell membranes of muscle, liver and adipose tissue

Front 39

Major action of parathyroid hormone

Back 39

Regulate serum calcium

Front 40

Major action of calcitonin

Back 40

Lowers blood calcium and phosphate levels

Front 41

Major action of thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxine (T4)

Back 41

Increase metabolic rate; increase protien and bone turnover; increase responsiveness to catecholamines; necessary for fetal and infant growth and development

Front 42

major action of epinephrine and norepinephrine

Back 42

Serve as neurotransmitters for the sympathetic nervous system

Front 43

Major action of adrenal androgens, mainly DHEA and androstenedione

Back 43

Have minimal intrinsic adrogenic activity; they are converted to testosterone and dihytestosterone in the periphery

Front 44

Major action of glucocorticoid (cortisol)

Back 44

Affects metabolism of all nutrients; regulates blood glucose levels; affects growth; has antiinflammatory action; decreases the effects of stress

Front 45

Major action of mineralcorticosteroids (aldosterone)

Back 45

Increases sodium absorption and potassium loss by kidney

Front 46

Major action of oxytocin

Back 46

Stimulates pregnant uterus to contract, milk excretion from breasts after childbirth

Front 47

Major action of ADH

Back 47

Increase water resorption by kidneys

Front 48

Major action of prolactin

Back 48

Prepares female for breast feeding

Front 49

Major action of lutenizing hormone

Back 49

Female: stimulate development of corpus luteum, release of oocyte, production of estrogen and progesterone
Male: stimulate secretion of testosterone, development of interstitial tissue of testes

Front 50

Major action of follicle stimulating hormone

Back 50

Female: stimulates growth of ovarian follicle
Male: stimulates sperm production

Front 51

Major action of thyroid stimulating hormone

Back 51

stimulates synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormone

Front 52

Major action of adrenocorticotropic hormone

Back 52

Stimulates synthesis of adrenal cortical hormones

Front 53

Major action of growth hormone

Back 53

Stimulates growth of bone and muscle; promotes protien synthesis and fat metabolism; decreases carbohydrate metabolism

Front 54

Amines and amino acid hormones

Back 54

Dopamine
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
Thyroid hormone

Front 55

Steroid hormones

Back 55

Aldosterone
Glucocorticoids
Estrogens
Progesterone
Testosterone
Androstenedione
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D
Dihydrtestosterone
DHEA

Front 56

Fatty acid compound hormones

Back 56

Eicosanoids
Retinoids

Front 57

Peptide, polypeptide and protien horomones

Back 57

Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH)
Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH)
Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH)
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Lutenizing hormone (LH)
Growth hormone (GH)
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Oxytocin, Insulin, Glucagon, somatostatin, calcitonin, prolactin and parathyroid hormone

Front 58

Second messenger hormone receptor interactions

Back 58

Glucagon, insulin, epinephrine, parathyroid hormone, TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH and ADH

Front 59

Intracellular hormone receptor interactions

Back 59

Estrogens, testosterone, progesterone, adernal cortical hormones and thyroid hormones