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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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The neuroglial cells that provide support for the epithelial cells that make up the blood-brain barrier are called:
a. Oligodendrocytes b. Astrocytes c. Schwann Cells d. Dendrites |
b. Astrocytes
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The neuroglial cells that form and support the myelin sheath for CNS neurons are:
a. Oligodendrocytes b. Astrocytes c. Schwann Cells d. Dendrites |
a. Oligodendrocytes
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The network of connected neural nuclei in the brain stem that regulate the cardiovascular and respiratory centers is known as the:
a. Neural net b. Schwann formation c. Reticular formation d. Basal response mechanism |
c. Reticular formation
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The Reticular Activating System (RAS) connects with the:
a. Hippocampus b. Brain stem and spinal cord only c. Blood-brain barrier d. Cerebral cortex via the brain stem and thalamus |
d. Cerebral cortex via the brain stem and thalamus
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Disturbances in the Reticular Activating System will typically involve:
a. Speech and hearing b. Motor function c. Level of consciousness d. Sensory function |
c. Level of consciousness
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The neuroglial cells that form and support the myelin sheath for PNS neurons are:
a. Oligodendrocytes b. Astrocytes c. Schwann Cells d. Dendrites |
c. Schwann Cells
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The portion of the brain responsible for expressing speech is called:
a. Broca's area/region b. Wernicke's area/region c. Schwann's area/region d. The phasic/experssive area/region |
a. Broca's area/region
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The portion of the brain responsible for receiving and interpreting speech is called:
a. Broca's area/region b. Wernicke's area/region c. Schwann's area/region d. The phasic/experssive area/region |
b. Wernicke's area/region
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A patient with expressive aphasia likely has suffered damage to:
a. The occipital lobe b. Broca's area c. The parietal lobe d. Wernicke's area |
b. Broca's area
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A patient with receptive aphasia likely has suffered damage to:
a. The occipital lobe b. Broca's area c. The parietal lobe d. Wernicke's area |
d. Wernicke's area
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The difference between the Reticular Activating System (RAS) and The Reticular Formation (RF) is:
a. The RAS is responsible for cardiovascular and respiration, while the RF is responsible for consciousness b. The RF is responsible for cardiovascular and respiration, while the RAS is responsible for consciousness c. They are two terms for the same structure d. None of the above is correct |
b. The RF is responsible for cardiovascular and respiration, while the RAS is responsible for consciousness
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Which is not a structure that protects the brain and/or spinal cord?
a. Bones (skull, vertebrae) b. Meninges c. Mesentery d. Cerebrospinal fluid |
c. Mesentery (connects your guts)
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The sensory and motor primary pathways are similar in that:
a. Both cross over in the Pons b. Both cross over in the Medulla c. Both cross over in the Midbrain d. Neither cross over in the CNS |
b. Both cross over in the Medulla
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Concerning the sensory and motor pathways,
a. The sensory is more posterior, and the motor pathway more anterior b. The motor is more posterior, and the sensory pathway more anterior c. Both pathways run side-by-side d. both pathways run in the center of the spinal column |
a. The sensory is more posterior, and the motor pathway more anterior
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Which of the following is not true regarding the upper motor neurons:
a. Relay information from the cerebrum to the brain stem or spinal cord b. Synapse with interneurons c. Have direct influence on muscles d. Have no direct influence on muscles |
c. Have direct influence on muscles
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Which of the following is not true regarding the lower motor neurons?
a. Have direct influence on muscles b. Originate in the gray matter of the spinal cord c. Axons extend into the PNS d. Relay information from the cerebrum to the brain stem |
d. Relay information from the cerebrum to the brain stem
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What is the primary regulator for blood flow to the brain?
a. Stretch receptors in the arteries reacting to changes in blood pressure b. Chemoreceptors reacting to blood oxygen levels c. Chemoreceptors reacting to blood CO2 levels d. CNS neural cells signalling the need for additional oxygen |
c. Chemoreceptors reacting to blood CO2 levels
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Which is not a primary vessel supplying blood to the brain?
a. Jugular vein b. Internal carotid artery c. Vertebral arteries d. All of these are primary vessels supplying blood to the brain |
a. Jugular vein
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Which neurotransmitter from the brain may block pain transmission in the spinal cord?
a. Enkephalins b. Endorphins c. Acetylcholine d. Dopamine |
b. Endorphins
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Which is not considered a clinical manifestation of pain?
a. Bradycardia b. Elevated blood sugar levels c. Hypertension d. Pupil dilation |
a. Bradycardia
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Cardiac pain tends to refer to which areas?
a. Lower thorax and groin b. Back and upper shoulder c. Neck, jaws, shoulders, arms, and stomach d. Coccyx, pubis, and posterior upper thighs |
c. Neck, jaws, shoulders, arms, and stomach
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Renal pain tends to refer to which areas?
a. Lower thorax and groin b. Back and upper shoulder c. Neck, jaws, shoulders, arms, and stomach d. Coccyx, pubis, and posterior upper thighs |
a. Lower thorax and groin
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Hepatic pain tends to refer to which areas?
a. Lower thorax and groin b. Back and upper shoulder c. Neck, jaws, shoulders, arms, and stomach d. Coccyx, pubis, and posterior upper thighs |
b. Back and upper shoulder
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Substances that trigger the hypothalamus, causing fever are called:
a. Pathogens b. Febrile triggers c. Pyrogens d. Thermogens |
c. Pyrogens
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During which phase of sleep does the deepest sleep occur?
a. REM b. NREM |
b. NREM
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During which phase of sleep is the EEG pattern similar to awake patterns?
a. REM b. NREM |
a. REM
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Somnambulism, night terrors, and enuresis fall into the category of:
a. REM disorders b. NREM disorders c. Parasomnias d. Maladaptive syndromes |
c. Parasomnias
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Which is the correct pathway from the retina to the visual cortex?
a. Nerve, chiasma, tracts, colliculi, thalmus, radiators b. Nerve, tracts, chiasma, colliculi, thalamus, radiators c. Neither is correct |
a. Nerve, chiasma, tracts, colliculi, thalmus, radiators
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A lesion on which optic structure causes blindness only on the connected eye?
a. Optic chiasma b. Optic nerve c. Optic tract d. Optic radiator |
b. Optic nerve
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A lesion on which optic structure causes bitemporal hemianopia?
a. Optic chiasma b. Optic nerve c. Optic tract d. Optic radiator |
a. Optic chiasma
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A lesion on which optic structure causes bilateral hemianopia?
a. Optic chiasma b. Optic nerve c. Optic tract d. Optic radiator |
c. Optic tract
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Disruption of the Organ of Corti causes which type of hearing loss?
a. Conductive b. Sensorineural |
b. Sensorineural
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Tinnitus, vertigo and deafness are common clinical signs of:
a. Otitis Externa b. Meniere's Disease c. Otitis Media |
b. Meniere's Disease
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An alteration in breathing pattern and level of coma would reflect:
a. Brain stem dysfunction b. Cerebral dysfunction |
b. Cerebral dysfunction
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Pupillary changes and abnormal eyeball movements would reflect:
a. Brain stem dysfunction b. Cerebral dysfunction |
a. Brain stem dysfunction
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The body can no longer maintain internal homeostasis in which condition?
a. Brain Stem Death b. Cerebral Death |
a. Brain Stem Death
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Progressive failure of cerebral functions that is not caused by an impaired level of consciousness:
a. Epilepsy b. Cerebral death c. Dementia d. Parkinson's disease |
c. Dementia
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The type of dementia which involves the subcortical region is:
a. Alzheimer's b . Parkinson's c. AIDS |
b . Parkinson's
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A seizure which is unremittant is termed:
a. Focal b. Generalized c. Tonic-clonic d. Status epilepticus |
d. Status epilepticus
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Seizures caused by an identifiable cause, such as fever, adverse medication reaction, are termed:
a. Ideopathic b. Symptomatic c. Cryptogenic d. Cryogenic |
b. Symptomatic
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An alteration in cerebral hemodynamics with increased CSF in the ventricles is called:
a. Increased intracranial pressure b. Hydrocephalus c. Cerebral edema d. Herniation |
b. Hydrocephalus
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Which is not a structure associated with emotion and mood alterations?
a. Limbic system b. Frontal lobe c. Pineal gland d. Hypothalamus |
c. Pineal gland
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What neurologic disorder affects both upper and lower motor neurons?
a. Multiple sclerosis b. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis c. Cerebral Tuberculosis d. Bacterial Meningitis |
b. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
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What is the most common cause of brain trauma?
a. Falls b. Violence c. Sports injuries d. Motor vehicle accidents |
d. Motor vehicle accidents
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Which is not a structure associated with emotion and mood alterations?
a. Limbic system b. Frontal lobe c. Pineal gland d. Hypothalamus |
c. Pineal gland
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What is the most common cause of brain trauma?
a. Falls b. Violence c. Sports injuries d. Motor vehicle accidents |
d. Motor vehicle accidents
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Which is the most severe type of CVA?
a. Thrombotic b. Hemorrhagic c. Embolic d. Lacunar |
b. Hemorrhagic
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Which type of headache is mismatched with its origin?
a. Migraine - vascular b. Cluster - Neurological c. Chronic paroxysmal hemicrania - metabolic d. Tension - muscular |
c. Chronic paroxysmal hemicrania - metabolic
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The primary consequence of CNS tumors is:
a. Loss of function b. Increased intracranial pressure c. Loss of consciousness d. Severe headaches |
b. Increased intracranial pressure
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Cerebral and spinal abscesses fall into which category?
a. Meningitis b. Encephalitis c. Suppurative masses d. Myelopathy |
c. Suppurative masses
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Decreases in cognitive ability, morning headache, projectile vomiting, sudden onset of seizures, loss of sphincter control, and papilledema, are all possible clinical signs of:
a. Meningitis b. Chronic paroxysmal hemicrania c. Increased intracranial pressure d. Encephalitis |
c. Increased intracranial pressure
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Which disorder affects both upper and lower motor neurons, without loss of sensory function?
a. Multiple sclerosis b. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
b. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
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Which of the following PNS and neuromuscular junction disorders affects the nerve roots?
a. Peripheral Neuropathy b. Plexus Injury c. Radiculopathy c. Myasthenia Gravis |
c. Radiculopathy
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Which of the following PNS and neuromuscular junction disorders affects the region distal to spinal roots and proximal to the peripheral nerves?
a. Peripheral Neuropathy b. Plexus Injury c. Radiculopathy c. Myasthenia Gravis |
b. Plexus Injury
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Which of the following PNS and neuromuscular junction disorders is an autoimmune disorder affecting acetylcholine receptors in the neuromuscular junction?
a. Peripheral Neuropathy b. Plexus Injury c. Radiculopathy c. Myasthenia Gravis |
c. Myasthenia Gravis
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The neuromuscular junction is as distal as motor neurons get... where they innervate muscle fibers... My- prefix in this term refers to muscles, asthenia refers to feeling... the muscles aren't "feeling" the nerve impulse (not receiving the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine)
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Leprosy and Guillain-Barre Syndrome are which type of PNS disorders?
a. Neuropathies b. Plexus Injury c. Radiculopathy c. Myasthenia Gravis |
a. Neuropathies
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Which of the following is not a positive symptom of schizophrenia?
a. Attention deficit b. Hallucinations c. Delusions d. Thought disorders |
a. Attention deficit
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Which of the following is not a negative symptom of schizophrenia?
a. Alogia b. Anhedonia c. Bizarre behavior d. Flat affect |
c. Bizarre behavior
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An elevated Dopamine level is indicative of which disorder?
a. Borderline personality b. Depression c. Schizophrenia d. Antisocial personality |
c. Schizophrenia
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Increased cortisol, decreased thyroid function and decreased levels of seratonin and dopamine are indicative of which disorder?
a. Borderline personality b. Depression c. Schizophrenia d. Antisocial personality |
b. Depression
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The symptoms for major depression must occur with what frequency for a diagnosis to be made?
a. Any single symptom 5 times in a 2-week period b. One or more symptoms twice in a 5-week period c. Five or more symptoms during a 2-week period d. A depressed mood and loss of interest or pleasure is sufficient for a diagnosis |
c. Five or more symptoms during a 2-week period
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Which of the following is not a neural tube defect?
a. Varicocele b. Anencephaly c. Meningocele d. Encephalocele |
a. Varicocele
(this is a vericose vein of the scrotum... lol) |
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Which of the following is not a childhood encephalopathy?
a. Cerebral palsy b. Phenylketonuria c. Muscular dystrophy d. Reye Syndrome |
c. Muscular dystrophy
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Deficiency of ADH, or target tissue resistance to ADH, is indicative of:
a. Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH b. Diabetes Mellitus c. Diabetes Insipidus d. Addison's Disease |
c. Diabetes Insipidus
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Hypernatremia, hypertension, hypervolemia, and hypokalemia are key signs of:
a. Graves' Disease b. Crohn's Disease c. Addison's Disease d. Conn's Disease |
d. Conn's Disease
(hyperaldosteronism) |
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Neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy, and amputation, are all secondary complications of which disease?
a. Cushing's Syndrome b. Diabetes Mellitus c. Conn's Disease d. Addison's Disease |
b. Diabetes Mellitus
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Which is true of the menstrual cycle:
a. After ovulation, the follicle becomes the corpus luteum, and the endometrial tissue breaks down b. After ovulation, estrogen levels peak, then drop dramatically, followed by a surge in progesterone with a concurrent smaller increase in estrogen c. Without implantation, hormone levels increase dramatically, stimulating development of endometrial tissue d. Levels of PL and Oxytocin are important to the menstrual cycle |
b. After ovulation, estrogen levels peak, then drop dramatically, followed by a surge in progesterone with a concurrent smaller increase in estrogen
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Painful menstruation associated with release of prostaglandins in ovulatory cycles but without pelvic disease is:
a. Primary dysmenorrhea b. Secondary dysmenorrhea |
a. Primary dysmenorrhea
(secondary means that the problem is secondary to, or as a result of, some other disease process) |
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Secondary amenorrhea is defined as:
a. absence of menstruation for 6 or more cycles or 1 year b. absence of menstruation for 6 or more cycles or 6 months c. absence of menstruation for 3 or more cycles or 6 months d. absent or scanty periods for at least one year |
c. absence of menstruation for 3 or more cycles or 6 months
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HCG levels are tested to confirm pregnancy and to diagnose:
a. Ovarian cysts b. Amenorrhea c. Uterine fibroids d. Menopause |
b. Amenorrhea
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Excessive physical activity in females can contribute to:
a. PID b. Early menarche c. Amenorrhea d. Turner's Syndrome |
c. Amenorrhea
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Which of the following is not a primary site of metastasis for prostate cancer?
a. Lung b. Bladder c. Liver d. Bone |
b. Bladder
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What is the most common site for breast cancer?
a. Areolar b. Lateral-superior c. Medial-superior d. Lateral-inferior |
b. Lateral-superior
(think of closest to the axilla, site of most lymph vessels) |
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50% of persons with Nesseria Gonorrhea are co-infected with:
a. Syphillis b. Chlamydia c. HSV d. HPV |
b. Chlamydia
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Which of the following is not a parasitic STD?
a. Candidiasis b. Trichomoniasis c. Scabies d. Pediculosis Pubis |
a. Candidiasis (fungal)
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