Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Antigen
|
a molecule that elicits an immune response
|
|
|
Epitope
|
Binding site on antigen
|
|
|
Pathogen
|
Disease causing agent
|
|
|
Tolerance
|
The ability to distinguish between self and foreign antigens, building defenses against only appropriate antigens
|
|
|
Tolerance depends largely on a group of cell surface proteins known as?
|
MCH (major histocompatability complex)
AKA HLA (human leukocyte antigen) |
|
|
MHC class 1
|
- molecules found on the surface of all cells
- tells what's going on inside the cell - offers evidence of intracellular abnormalities |
|
|
MHC class 2
|
- molecules made by antigen presenting cells
- most famous=macrophage - offers evidence of extracellular abnormalities |
|
|
B lymphocytes
|
responsible for humoral immunity (antibody mediated)
|
|
|
Plasma cells
|
anitbody synthesis
|
|
|
Memory B
|
long lived immunity
|
|
|
T lymphocytes
|
responsible for cell mediated immunity
|
|
|
Where are lymphocytes produced?
|
produced in bone marrow and migrate to thymus where maturation accurs
|
|
|
what happens if T cells fail to learn what cells to attack?
|
apoptosis
|
|
|
What are the T lymphocyte subgroups?
|
Helper T/CD4
Memory T Cytotoxic T/CD8/Killer T |
|
|
Helper T/CD4
|
- recognizes MHC II from APC's
- directs the immune response via cytokine (chemical) release |
|
|
Memory T
|
long term retention
|
|
|
Cytotoxic T/CD8/Killer T
|
- destroy via perforin (perforates cell membrane)
|
|
|
IgG antibody
|
- principal circulating antibody; only one to cross placenta; binds to macrophages
- secondary response antibody - can give 3 wks of newborn protection |
|
|
IgA antibody
|
- secreted in saliva, breast milk, respiratory, and urogenital tract; protects mucous membranes
- |
|
|
IgM antibody
|
- in plasma;star shaped
- First antibody produced - good at agglutinating and decorating |
|
|
IgD antibody
|
- found on B lymphocyte
- needed for B cell activation - function unknown (we are dumb about it) |
|
|
IgE antibody
|
- found on mast cells in allergic response
|
|
|
How do antibodies destroy?
|
1) attracting immune system cells
2) Agglutination (clumping of pathogens) 3) Activate complement (to form membrane attack complex (MAC) |
|
|
Long-term immunity
|
- first antibody response to antigen takes about a week
- peaks at about 12 weeks then tapers off |
|
|
Autoimmunities
|
- loss of tolerance
|
|
|
Hypersensitivity
|
over reaction
|
|
|
Immunodeficiencies
|
insufficient response (open to any disease)
|
