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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anorexia
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Feeling of not wanting to eat.
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Function of Intrinsic factor
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Aid in absorption of B12
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Constipation
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Infrequent passage of hard dry stools
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Melena
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Stool that is black, sticky and stinky.
- upper digestive bleed peptic or dueodenal ulcer |
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Hematemesis
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Blood in vomit
Mallory Weiss tears, esophageal varices, peptic ulcers |
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Hematochezia
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Bright red blood per rectum
- Blood from lower digestive tract; hemeroids, diverticulitis, IBD -indicitive of UC |
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GERD
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Gastroesophogeal Reflux Disease
-Chyme from the stomach breaches the cardiac spincter - made worse by frequent coughing, vomiting, bending where pressure is increased |
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Fundus
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Top of any hallow organ
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Antrum
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Entrance to intestines
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Product of pariental cells
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Intrinsic factor
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Sphincter between Stomach and intestines
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Pyloric
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Flow through GI tract stomach
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duodenum
ileum jejunum cecum (with appendix attached) ascending transverse descending sigmoid rectum anus |
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To which part of the intestines is the appendix attached
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Cecum
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Function of the large intestines
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Water reabsorbtion
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How is vitamin K produced
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by microorganisms in the large intestines
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What is the function of vitamin K
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Blood clotting
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Most common cause of macrocytic diarrhea
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C. diff and opportunistic microbe which takes advantage of lack of e. Coli.
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Who is susceptible to c. dif infections
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pt on antibiotics which have eliminated the e.coli in the gut
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Parietal abd. Pain
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Specific location, eas to diagnos
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R Lower quadrant parietal abd pain
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Appendix
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Epigastric parietal abd pain
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Ulcer
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L Loer quandrant
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parietal abd pain Colon cancer, diverticulitis
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Visceral pain
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Diffuse pain which is difficult to diagnos
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Referred pain
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Pain is in a location other than the source of the pain.
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Occult blood
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Blood that can not been seek with the naked eye
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Upper GI
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Esophagus, stomach, duodenum
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Lower GI
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Jejunum, ileum, colon
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Manifestations of GI Bleed
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s/sx of decreased cardiac output
diarrhea increase in BUN decrease in hemoglobin and hematocrit |
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GERD manifestations
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Lower esophageal pain (heartburn)
Dyspahgia (difficulty swallowing) asthma |
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GERD comfort measures
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Sit upright after eating
Antacid to lower acidity of chyme Weight loss Proton pump inhibitor to decrease acid production |
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Cause of simple or mechanical GI obstructions
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Adhesions
tumors intussusception (telescoping) volvulus (twisting) hernia (outpouching) |
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Intusseception
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Telescoping
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Volvulus
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Twisting
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Hernia
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outpouching
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Functional SBO
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Failure of motility
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Treatment of SBO
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NPO, decompression (suctioning of GI tract)
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Manifestations of SBO
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Colicky pain
vomiting |
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Treatment of mechanical sbo -
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Nasogastirc tube to suction out contents above obstruction
- fluid and electrolyte replacement - Movement to prevent adhesions |
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Acute gastritis
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Inflammation of the gastric mucosa lining the stomach usually from drugs or chemicals
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Chronic gastritis
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Deterioration of the gastric lining.
Pts have risk of pernicious anemia, Diminished acid production make digestion more difficult - increased risk for stomach cancer |
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s/sx gastritis
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Vague pain
Anorexia Feeling of fullness due to inability to digest well |
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Rx gastritis
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Eat smaller amounts
Vit B12 Possible antibiotics for H pylori |
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Peptic ulcer disease
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Breakdown of mucosal lining of the lower esophagus, stomach or dueodenum
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Most common location of ulcers in younger poplation
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Dueodum
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Most common location of ulcers in elderly
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Gastric ulcer in lesser curvature of stomach
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Risk factors for peptic ulcers
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smoking
age NSAIDS Alcohol Infection with H. pylori |
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Manifestation of duodenal ulcers
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Epigastric pain relieved with food
Bleeding Obstruction |
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s/sx gastric ulcers
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Continuous pain
Anorexia Weight loss |
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Risk of gastric ulcers
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Increased risk of stomach cancer
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Manifestations of duodenal ulcers
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Weight gain, as pain relief with eating
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Ischemic ulcer
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- Occur after an event where blood flow is decreased to the GI tract
- Can be caused by a lack of oxygenation of the blood |
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Curling Ulcer
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Type of Ischemic ulcer which occurs after a burn injury
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Cushing ulcer
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- Blood flow is decreased and there is a hyper secretion of acid
- head injury which results in excess corticosteroid and weakening of tissues |
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Types of IBD
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Ulcerative colitis and Chron diseas
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Ulcerative colitis
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Autoimmne condition causing the Ulceration of the colonic mucosa in rectum and sigmoid
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s/sx of ulcerative colitis
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- 10-20 watery bloody stools per day
- velvety red inflamed colon |
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Consequence of ulcerative colitis
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Blood loss
dehydration |
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Manifestations of UC
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Sulfasalazine (sulfa and aspirin) & corticosteroids
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Rx for UC
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Surgical resection of bowel
If sphincters are preserved, j pouch |
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Chron disease
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- aka regional enteritis
- both large and small intestines seldom rectum involved -stressful situation exacerbate s/sx -autoimmune disease yellow fatty deposits in ALL layers of the colon |
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most common location for lesions with Crohns
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ascending and transverse colon
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Manifestations of Crohns
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Irritable bowel
Non-bloody diarrhea Occasional bleeding in stools Weight loss Lower abdominal pain |
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Steatorrhea
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Fatty stools indicative of Crons
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Diverticula
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Pockets in GI tract
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Diverticulosis
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Inflamed pockets in GI tract
Many diverticula |
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Diverticulitis
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Inflamed and infected pockets in GI tract
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Most common location where diverticula occur
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Left sigmoid colon
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Manifestations of diverticulitis
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Hemorrhage, peritonitis, bowel obstruction
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Treatment diverticulitis
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Antibiotics and resection
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s/sx diverticulitis
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Cramping pain
Diarrhea distension fever leucocytosis |
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Abscesses
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Pockets of seriously inflamed tissue that can produce endotoxins into the bloodstream
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Appendicitis
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Inflammation of the appendix which projects out of the cecum
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Risks of ruptured appendix
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peritonitis
hemorrhage abscess formation |
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Manifestation of appendicitis
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Right lower quad pain
Nausea vomiting anorexia low grade fever leukocytosis WBC >15000 McBurney’s point pain |
