Pathophysiology Chapters 39 And 40

Front 1

goal of pressure ulcers...

Back 1

-prevent further skin breakdown!

Front 2

describe staging of ulcers (4)

Back 2

1: intact, red skin-doesn't blanch, takes 20 min to go away
2: epidermis and part of dermis breakdown, painful!
3: full thickness and necrosis of subcutaneous tissue
4: can get to muscle and bone

Front 3

treatment of stage 2 ulcers

Back 3

create a moist environment with clear dressing. measure with q-tip to see if tunneling has occurred

Front 4

treatment of stage 4 ulcers

Back 4

usually requires surgical intervention

Front 5

who is at risk for pressure ulcers (aka decubitus ulcers)?

Back 5

malnourished, BMI less than 19 and immobile

Front 6

what is the cardiac response to burns?

Back 6

-decreased intravascular volume and increased HR

Front 7

electrolyte response to burns

Back 7

-potassium moves out and sodium goes in to cell. Pump is impaired which leads to swollen cells

Front 8

other response to burns

Back 8

-increased steroid release causes increased glucose release.
-pt will need insulin

Front 9

describe first degree burns

Back 9

partial thickness: just red with no blistering
-sunburn

Front 10

describe second degree burns

Back 10

-superficial: blistering in epidermis and dermis: develops immediately. Blisters break open and expose nerve endings. Very painful!! not much scarring
-Deep Partial: entire dermis but spares skin appendages: waxy or white, slow heal, surgical intervention

Front 11

describe third degree burns

Back 11

full thickness: all through dermis in to muscle and bone: destroys subcut tissue (collagen and connective tissue)
-dry, charred wound. Will need surgical intervention
-made need incisions done to decrease edema and will need debridement

Front 12

nursing care for pt affected with impetigo

Back 12

-good handwashing
-isolation of infected child's stuff

Front 13

therapy for tinea

Back 13

oral antifungals