Pathophysiology - Chapter 5

Front 1

pathology

Back 1

The investigation of structural alterations, in cells, tissues and organs which can help identify the cause of a particular disease

Front 2

Pathogenesis

Back 2

Pattern of tissue changes associated with the development of a disease

Front 3

Etiology

Back 3

The study of the cause of disease

Front 4

Idiopathic

Back 4

Diseases with no identifiable cause

Front 5

Iatrogenic

Back 5

Disease which result from medical treatment

Front 6

Nosocomial

Back 6

Diseases caused by a hospital environment

Front 7

Complication

Back 7

The onset of a disease in a person who is already coping with another disease

Front 8

Sequelae

Back 8

Unwanted outcomes of a disease or trauma

Front 9

Clinical manifestations

Back 9

Evidence of disease

Front 10

Signs

Back 10

Objective alterations

Front 11

Symptoms

Back 11

Subjective experiences

Front 12

Prodromal period

Back 12

Period with vague symptoms

Front 13

Insidious symptoms

Back 13

Vague feeling and awareness that there had been a change in the body

Front 14

Syndrome

Back 14

A group of symptoms that occur together and may be caused by several interrelated problems

Front 15

Disorder

Back 15

Abnormality of function

Front 16

Epidemiology

Back 16

Tracking patterns of occurrence and transmission among populations

Front 17

Incidence

Back 17

Number of new cases occurring during a specific period

Front 18

Prevalence

Back 18

Number of existing cases with a population during a specific period

Front 19

Precipitating factor

Back 19

Condition or even which causes a pathological event

Front 20

Innate resistance

Back 20

Aka - natural immunity
Physical, mechanical, biochemical barriers & inflammation

Front 21

Inflammatory response -

Back 21

Second line of defense
- non specific

Front 22

Adaptive Immunity

Back 22

- Targets particular microorganisms

Front 23

Antimicrobial Peptides

Back 23

Small molecular weight proteins secreted by epithelial cells that are toxic to certain bacteria, fungi and viruses

Front 24

Mast Cell

Back 24

Most important activator of the inflammatory response

Front 25

Histamine

Back 25

Cause temporary rapid constriction of smooth muscle and dilation of post capillary venules

Front 26

Neutrophils

Back 26

Predominant cell needed to kill bacteria in the early stages of inflammation

Front 27

Eosinophils

Back 27

- Regulate inflammatory response
- Primary defense against parasites

Front 28

Leukotrienes

Back 28

Produce histamine like effect

Front 29

Prostaglandins

Back 29

Increase vascular permeability, neutrophil chemotaxis and pain

Front 30

Three Plasma protein systems

Back 30

Complement system
Kinin System
Clotting System

Front 31

Complement System

Back 31

Activated components can destroy pathogens

Front 32

Clotting System

Back 32

Group of plasma proteins that when activated form a fibrinous meshwork at injured site

Front 33

Monocytes

Back 33

Produced in bone marrow, enter circulation, migrate to inflammatory site where they develop into macrophages

Front 34

Cytokines

Back 34

A family of proteins that are secreted and activate other inflammatory cells

Front 35

NK cells

Back 35

Recognize and destroy cells infected with viruses and abnormal host cells

Front 36

Two most important phagocytes

Back 36

Neutrophils and macrophages

Front 37

Margination or pavementing

Back 37

Leukocytes adhere to the walls of capillaries

Front 38

Exudate

Back 38

Fluid and cells

Front 39

Serous exudate

Back 39

Watery pus

Front 40

Fibrinous exudate

Back 40

Thick and clotted pus

Front 41

Purulent exudate

Back 41

Characteristic of walled of lesions (cysts or abscesses)

Front 42

Leukocytosis

Back 42

An increase in the number of circulating WBC

Front 43

Primary intention

Back 43

Wounds that heal under conditions of minimal tissue loss

Front 44

Epithiliatization

Back 44

Very little sealing

Front 45

The most important cells during healing

Back 45

Fibroblasts

Front 46

Most abundant protein in the body

Back 46

Collagen

Front 47

Chronic inflammation conditions

Back 47

Coronary artery disease
Arthritis
Inflammatory bowel disease
Gout

Front 48

Meds for inflammatory diseases

Back 48

NSAIDs
Corticosteroids
Anti-malarial meds

Front 49

What is inflammation and what causes it?

Back 49

First line of defense, caused by injury

Front 50

What is the role of the mast cell in the activation of inflammation

Back 50

Degranulation and the launch of the inflammatory response

Front 51

What are the types of WBC in the inflammatory response

Back 51

Basophils, Eiosenophils, Neutrophils, Leukocytes, Monocytes

Front 52

Differentiate between local and systemic responses to acture inflammation

Back 52

Local, only affect injured tissues, where as systemic, there is an outpouring of WBC,
the hypothalamus increases temperature
-plasma proteins increase in response to tissue damage

Front 53

Identify the characteristicss of chronic inflammation

Back 53

inflammation lasting longer than two weeks

Front 54

describe tissue healing by primary and secondary intention

Back 54

primary intention the wounds heal from the outside in.

secondary intention, wound bed needs to fill from the outside in and needs constant debridement

Front 55

What are the most common causes on inflammation

Back 55

Trauma, allergens, hypoxia or infection

Front 56

What are the most common manifestations of inflammation

Back 56

Redness, Swelling, Heat, Loss of Function, Pain

Front 57

What are the benefits of inflammation

Back 57

Minimize Tissue Damage
Quickly eliminate infection
Allow for quick healing

Front 58

What are the detrimental effects of inflammation?

Back 58

Pain
Swelling
Scar formation
Disability
Can be inappropriate or exaggerated

Front 59

Vasodilations

Back 59

increased capillary permeability

Front 60

Chemotexis

Back 60

attraction of phagocytes