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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Blood is composed of:
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Serum, plasma, plasma proteins
Blood cells - WBC, RBC, platelets |
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CBC is:
Includes what? |
Complete Blood Count
#RBC: Hb, Hct, morphology, MCV, MCHC, MCH #WBC: proportion of WBC types -neutrophil -eosinophil -basophil -lymphocytes #Platelets |
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Composition of blood plasma?
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92% water
6-8% protein clotting factors e-lytes nutrients |
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Function of blood plasma?
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E-lytes
Nutrients/building blocks Buffer system (ph @ 7.4) Hormones Waste products |
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Electrolytes?
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Na+
K+ Cl- HCO3- Ca++ Mg++ |
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The plasma proteins are?
percentage? |
Albumin 54%
Globulins 38% Fibrinogen & Clotting Factors 7% |
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Albumin
produced where? function? too little = ? |
From LV
Fxnx: Maintains oncotic pressure that keeps blood in vessels Transport non water soluable substances (meds, bilirubin) Too little = edema (pulm, pedal), ascites |
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Globulins
types? produced where? fxns? |
alpha - transport bilirubin
beta - transport iron, copper gamma - make up antibodies made in LV or by B-lymphocytes transports metals, fight infections |
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Serum: with or without clotting factors?
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Without clotting factors
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Plasma: with or without clotting factors?
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With clotting factors
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Types & functions of WBC:
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Granulocytes:
- basophils - eosinophils - neutrophils Lymphocytes: - T-lymphs - B-lymphs Monocytes |
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Fxn of basophils?
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mediate allergic reaction
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Fxn of eosinophils?
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allergy, parasitic infections
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Fxn of neutrophils?
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acute inflammation, bacterial infection, phagocytosis in blood
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Fxn of T-lymphocytes?
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cellular immune response
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Fxn of B-lymphs?
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humoral immune response (antibodies)
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Fxn of monocytes?
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Become macrophages for phagocytosis in tissues
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Location of hematopoiesis
in adults? in fetus? |
Adults: bone marrow
Fetus: Yolk sac, 3-8 wks Liver, 6-30 wks SP, 9-28 wks BM, 28 wks+ |
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platelet AKA?
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thrombocytes
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polycythemia?
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elevated RBC count
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anemia?
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low RBC count
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elevated neutrophils?
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bacterial infection
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elevated lymphocytes?
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viral infection
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elevated eosinophils?
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parasitic infection or allergic reaction
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low platelets?
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thrombocytopenia
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elevated platelets?
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thrombocytosis
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elevated ESR?
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Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate
inflammation fall rate accelerated by presence of fibrinogen and other plasma proteins that increase with inflammation |
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hemostasis definition
main categories of disorders? 5 phases? |
Stoppage of blood flow. Normal = seals vessel to prevent blood loss and hemorrhage.
Disorders: - inappropriate clotting - failure to clot 1) vessel spasm 2) platelet plug formation 3) blood coagulation, formation of fibrin clot 4) clot retraction 5) clot dissolution (fibrinolysis) |
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What activates intrinsic pathway of clotting cascade?
lab result? factors involved? |
endothelial tissue damage
elevated PTT factors: XI, XII, VIII, IX (11, 12, 8, 9) |
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What activates extrinsic pathway of clotting cascade?
lab result? factors involved? |
tissue damage, trauma
elevated PT factors: VII (7) |
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Common pathway
lab results? factors involved? |
elevated TT, PT and PTT
factors: II, V, X (2, 5, 10) |
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Where are clotting factors formed?
Required for active form? Some depend on _____ ? Which? |
All in LV except IV. So LV dz = loss of clotting, bleeding.
Must have Ca++ for active form Some depend on Vit K: IX, X, VII, II (1972). No all burger diet. |
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Hypercoagulability increases risk of _________________ ?
arteries veins |
thromboembolism
arteries: stroke, myocardial infarction veins: DVT (deep vein thrombosis), PE (pulmonary embolism) VC->Rt atrium->Rt vent->LU |
