Pathophysiology-Ch 1

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Medical care that focuses on the needs of the whole person: spiritual, cognitive, social, physical, and emotional.

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Holistic

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emphasizes the body’s natural process to heal and provide well being

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osteopathy

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An abnormality in or mutation of a gene may produce ...

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Genetic diseases

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Assesses the size and extent of the spread of the primary tumor

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TNM Cancer Staging System

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The normal protective physiologic response(s) to tissue injury and disease

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acute inflammation

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Pathogens cause disease by...
(3)

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Invasion of living tissue, distruction of living tissue and intoxication.

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orderly steps in making a diagnosis

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Medical history, physical examination, diagnostic tests, diagnosis, integration of results, treatment

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Medication issues for concern relating to the elderly
(3)

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Adverse Drug reactions, overmedication and substance abuse

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sequence of an allergic response within the body

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Exposure to allergen stimulates production of IgE antibodies that can subsequently trigger symptoms of allergy

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predisposing factors related to life style

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Smoking, drinking, nutrition, and lack of exercise

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internal stability of the body.

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Homeostasis

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Medications prescribed for pain

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Analgesic

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In preventative health care the emphasis is on...

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Prophylactic medical services

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immunodeficiency disorders result from

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a depressed or absent immune response

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Anaphylaxis, serum sickness, arthralgia, and status asthmaticus are...

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systemic manifestations of severe allergic responses.

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type of tumors tend to metastasize and may spread to distant sites in the body

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malignant

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abnormal objective findings

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Sign

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Infectious Hepatitis

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Hepatitis A

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Signs of a disease not noted

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asymptomatic

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5 characteristics of Malignant tumors

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Cells mulitply rapidly, poorly differentiated, invades surrounding tissues, recurrent, metastasizes

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Abnormal gene that is located only on the X chromosome

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X-linked or Sex-linked Recessive

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Body's defense against infection (3)

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natural/chemical barriers; inflammatory response; immune response

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Same abnormal gene present on both chromosomes of a pair

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Autosomal recessive

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Acute Inflammatory Response can be inhibited by: (3)

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immune disorders; chronic illness; medications, especially steroids

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Acute Inflammatory response is marked by: (5)

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redness, swelling, head, pain and loss of function

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4 characteristics of benign tumors

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develop slowly; can arise from any tissue; usually remains encapsulated; rarely reoccurs after surgerical removal

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Cancer infiltrates to distant sites

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Metastasize

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A group of disease characterised by uncontrolled cell proliferation

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Cancer

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Pain signals...

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injury or tissue damage

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Aging process changes (4)

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Metabolic changes (decreased liver and kiney function); decreased total body water; body composition (increased adipose and decreased muscle); decreased bone density

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2 Examples of analgesics

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NSAIDs and opionoids(narcotics)

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Cancer predisposing factors (5)

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Age, gender, lifestyle, genetics and environment

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Cancer Treatments (6)

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Surgery, Chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation, hormone therapy, palliative surgery

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3 Types of Immune Disordres

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Hypersensitivity Reaction (allergy); autoimmune disease; Immunodeficiency disorder

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Stimulation of nociceptors found on free nerve endings

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Pain

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NSAIDS stands for...

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Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs

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N of TNM Staging

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Regional Lymph Node Involvement

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Use of lasers to relieve obstruction of affected nodes from Cancer

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Ablation

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Lytes stand for

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Electrolytes

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Tumor size and extend of tumor spread

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Stage

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Mini ECG that records electrical activity of the heart

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Holter Monitor

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Measurement of Lung capacity, volume and flow rates

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Spirometry

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Most Advanced Stage of Cancer

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Stage IV

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CBC

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Complete Blood Count

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UA

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Urinalysis

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Genetic diseases cause by several abnormal genese

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Polygenic Diseases

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LP

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Lumbar Puncture

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Study of stem cells & its potential to repair damaged tissues

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Regenerative medicine

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Blood Pressure tests diagnose..

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Hypertension

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T of TNM staging represents

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size of primary tumor

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Another word for Thrombocytes is

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Platelets

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Cancer of Supportive tissues (bone & muscle)

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Sarcoma

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Total cholestrol, triglycerides, HDL & LDL levels

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Lipid Profile

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Hgb

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Hemoglobin

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Drugs useful to treat lymphomas and leukemias

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Corticosteroids

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Tumors cells that produce and secrete substances; for diagnosis

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Tumor markers

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Cancer of Lymph Nodes

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Lymphoma

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Urinalysis is used to test for..

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Diabetes & renal failure

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TSH

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Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

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Agents that damage DNA

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Mutagents

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3 Examples of Mutagents

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Chemicals, Radiation and Viruses

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3 parts of Thyroid Function Tests

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TSH, T3 & T4

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CBC is also known as..

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Hemogram

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M of TNM Staging represents..

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Number of different metastases

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Tumor that retains features of tissue derived

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Benign

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Measurement of the oxygen-carrying pigment of RBCs

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Hgb

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Preoperative procedure to shrink tumor to facilitate surgical removal

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Monoclonal Antibodies

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Tumors are also known as..

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neoplasms

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Based on degree of diffentiation of tumor cells

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Grade

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measurement of percentage of RBCs in a volume of whole blood

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HCT

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Cancer of Melanin-Producing Cells

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Melanoma

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Evaluation of cellular components of blood

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CBC

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Monitors safety of Vaccines

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VAERS

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Measurement of dissolves oxygen and Carbon dioxide in arterial bl as well as pH and oxygen saturation

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ABG

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ABG stands for..

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Arterial Blood Gas

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Cancer of blood cell precursors

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Leukemia

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Imaging examination of spinal cord and spinal nerve roots

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Myelogram

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Cancer of Epithelial Cells

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Carcinoma

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Inability to adapt to internal or external stressors or challenges

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Disease State

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Internal Equilibrium

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Homeostasis

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Collection of signs and symptoms that characterize a condition

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Syndrome

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The development of disease in stages

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Pathogenesis

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An instrument that measures oxygen saturation of arterial blood

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pulse oximeter

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Earliest stage of Cancer

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Stage I

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ECG Tests for..

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Heart Disease

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VAERS

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Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System

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Slow onset of s/s; duration indefinite

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Chronic illness

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Blood serum tests for chloride, potassium, sodium and carbon dioxide

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Lytes

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Duration of Acute Illness

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Less thatn 6 months

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Abrupt onset of s/s; present themselves over hours to days

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Acute Illness

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HCT

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Hematocrit

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Volume of expiratory effort

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Peak Flow

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Tumor cells abnormal to tissue of origin

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High Grade Tumor

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Blood Cholestero levels test for..

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Hyperlipidemia

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Grading system for prostate cancer

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Gleason Grade

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C&S

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Culture and Sensitivity

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Stool Analysis for occult blood and parasites

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Guaiac Tests

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EMG

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Electromyelogram

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MRSA

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Methicillin Resistant Staphlococcus Aureus

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3 Diseases that must be repoted to the Local Health Department

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Encephalitis, TB and Syphilis

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Antibiotic Resistant strains of bacteria that are dangerous to the young and healthy

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Superbugs

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Treatment for Fever

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Antipyretic

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Pathogenic Agents (4)

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Bacteria, virus, Fungi, protozoa

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3 Major disruptions of the body's equilibrium

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Electrolyte Imbalance, fluid imbalance and pH

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Excessive Acidity

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Acidosis

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Excessive alkalinity

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Alkalosis

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Predisposing Factors that make a person/group more vulnerable to disease

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Risk Factors

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5 s/s of widespread infection

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Fever, malaise, loss of appetite, elevated WBCs, elevated ESR

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Obstructing blood flow

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Ischemia

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ESR

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Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate

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Forms when widespread inflammation returns to accute inflammation during the healing process

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Scar Tissue

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Inflammation is a _____ immune response.

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Non-Specific

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Fatty Tissue

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Adipose

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Partial or complete hair loss

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Alopecia

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Substance that relieves pain

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Analgesic

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Pertaining to the mental proceese of comprehension, judgement memory and reasoning

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Cognitive

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Abnormal Function

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Dysfunction

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Situated in an unusual place away from its normal location; occuring at the wrong time

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Ectopic

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Pertaining to the endometrium or uterine cavity

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Endometrial

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Pertaing to reproduction, birth or origin

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Genetic

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Actively dividing cell that is the source of blood cells

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Hematopoietic

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Abnormal condition resulting from excessive intake of vitamins

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Hypervitaminosis

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Relating to a hospital

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nosocomial

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treatment that reduces or relieve symptoms but does the produce a cure

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Palliative

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System of treating certain disorders by messaging the soles of the feet or palms of the hands

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Reflexology

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Pertaining to the whole body rather than a localized area

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Systemic

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Pertaining to a procedure that is performed through the skin

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Transcutaneous

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Pertaining to a condition that comes and goes

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Transient

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Pertaining to the internal organs in the abdominal cavity

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VIsceral

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Antigenic substance capable of producing an allergic response in the body

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Allergen

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Any substance that stimulated the immune system to produce antibodies

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Antigen

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Diagnostic technique of listening for sounds within the body, particularly the lungs, heart or abdominal viscera

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Ausculation

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Excision of tissue from the living body, followed by microscopic examination, for the purpose of exact diagnosis

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Biopsy

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Profound and marked wasting disorder, usually associated with malnutrition and such diseases as cancer and TB

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Cachexia

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Configured zone of skin innervated by a spinal cord segment

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Dermatome

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Nerves that receive and transmit painful stimuli

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Nociceptors