Pathophysiology

Front 1

pathology

Back 1

the study of disease and its causes

Front 2

pathophysiology

Back 2

the physiology of disorded function

Front 3

In Shock

Back 3

many physiological changes occur before the classic signs, hypotension and rapid pulse, become evident. Therefore, you must treat for shock promtly based on the mechanism of injury and early, subtle signs and symptoms, without waiting for classic signs to appear

Front 4

types of cellular adaption

Back 4

atrophy
hypertrophy
hyperplasia
metaplasia
dysplasia

Front 5

Atrophy

Back 5

decrease in cell size resulting from decrease in work load

Front 6

hypertrophy

Back 6

increase in cell size resulting from increase in workload

Front 7

dilation

Back 7

enlargment, in reference to the heart, an abnormal enlargment resuulting from pathology

Front 8

hyperplasia

Back 8

in increase in the number of cells resulting from cell division caused by an increase in workload

Front 9

mitosis

Back 9

cell division with the division on the nucleus

is the process by which the body grows

Front 10

metaplasia

Back 10

replacment by one type of cell with another type of cell that is not normal for that tissue

Front 11

dysplasia

Back 11

a change in cell size, shape, and appearance cause by external stressor

Front 12

forms of cellular injury

Back 12

hypoxia
chemicals
infectious agents
inflammatory reations
physical agents
nutritional factors
genetic factors

Front 13

hypoxia

Back 13

oxygen deficiency

Front 14

ischemia

Back 14

a blockage in the delivery of oxygenated blood to the cells

Front 15

pathogen

Back 15

a microorganism capable of producing infectious disease

Front 16

pathogen vs body possible outcomes

Back 16

pathogens wins
pathogen and body battle to a draw
body defeats pathogen

Front 17

anabolism

Back 17

the constructive phase of metabolism in which cells convert nonliving substances into living substances

Front 18

catabolism

Back 18

the destructive phase of metabolism in which cells break down complex substances in simpler substances with release of energy

Front 19

cellular swelling

Back 19

swelling of a cell caused by injury to or change in permiability of the cell membrane with resulting inability to maintain stable intra and extra cellular fluid in electrolyte levels

Front 20

fatty change

Back 20

a result of cellular injury and swelling in which lipids(fat vesicles) invade the area of injury; occurs most commonly in fever

Front 21

apoptosis

Back 21

a response in which an injured cell releases enzymes that engulf and destroy itself; on way the body rids itself of damaged and dead cells

Front 22

necrosis

Back 22

cell death; a pathological cell change(usually normal)

Front 23

gangrenous necrosis

Back 23

refers to tissue death over a wide area(always pathological)

Front 24

edema

Back 24

excess fluid in the interstitial space

Front 25

erythrocytes

Back 25

red blood cells

Front 26

leukocytes

Back 26

white blood cells

Front 27

thrombocytes

Back 27

platlets

Front 28

hemoglobin

Back 28

an iron based compound that binds with oxygen and transports it to the cell

Front 29

hemacrit

Back 29

the percentage of blood occupied by erythrocytes

Front 30

if you see signs and symptoms of transfusion reaction you should

Back 30

stop the transfusion immediatly

Front 31

hemoglobin based oxygen carrying solutions

Back 31

intravenous fluids with the ability to transpot oxygen

Front 32

colloids

Back 32

substances, such as proteins or starches, consisting of alrge molecules or molecule aggregates that disperse evenly within a liquid without forming a true solution

Front 33

albumin

Back 33

a protein commonly present in plant and animal tissue. In blood albumin works to maintain blood volume and blood presure and provides colloid osmotic presure, which prevents plasma from leaving the capillaries

Front 34

crystalloids

Back 34

substances capable of crystalization. In solution,unlike colloids, they can diffuse through a membrane, such as a capillary wall.

Front 35

tonicity

Back 35

solute concentration or osmotic pressure releative to the blood plasma or body cells

Front 36

Acid based derangments

Back 36

respiratory acidosis
respiratory alkalosis
metabolic acidosis
metabolic alkalosis

Front 37

respiratory acidosis

Back 37

acidity caused by abnormal retention of carbon dioxide resulting from impaired ventilation

Front 38

respiratory alkalosis

Back 38

alkalinty cause by excessive elimination of carbon dioxide resulting from increase respiration

Front 39

metabolic acidosis

Back 39

acidity caused by an increase in acid, often because of increase production of acids during metabolism or from causes such as vomiting, diarrhea, dizbetes, or medication

Front 40

metabolic alkalosis

Back 40

alkalinty caused by an increase in plasma bibarbonate resulting from causes including diuresis, vomiting, or ingestion of too much sodium bicarobnate

Front 41

diuretic

Back 41

an agent that increase urine secreation and elimination of body water

Front 42

hypoperfusion

Back 42

inadequate perfusion of the body tissues, resulting in an inadequate supply of oxygen and nutrients to the body tissues. Also called shock

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aerobic metabolism

Back 43

the second stage of metabolism requiring the presence of oxygen, in which the breakdown of glucose(in a process called the krebs cycle) yields a high amout of energy

Front 44

anaerobic metabolism

Back 44

the first stage of metabolism which does not require oxygen, in which the breakdown of glucose(in a process called glycolysis) produces pyvuric acid and yields very little energy. means without oxygen

Front 45

stages of shock

Back 45

compensated shock
decompensated shock (progressive)
irreversible

Front 46

compensated shock

Back 46

early stage of shock in which the body's compensatory mechanisms are able to maintain normal perfusion

Front 47

decompensated shock

Back 47

advanced stages of shock when the body's compensatory mechanisms are no longer able to maintain normal perfusion; also called progressive

Front 48

irreversible shock

Back 48

shock that progressed so far that no medical intervention can reverse the condition and death in ineviatable

Front 49

Types of shock

Back 49

cardiogenic
hypovolemic
neurogenic
anaphylatic
septic

Front 50

cardiogenic shock

Back 50

shock caused by insufficient cardia output; the inability of the heart to pump enough blood to perfuse all parts of the body

Front 51

hypovolemic shock

Back 51

shock caused by loss of intravascular fluid volume

Front 52

osmotic diuresis

Back 52

greatly increase urination and dehydration due to high levels of glucose that cannot be reabsorbed into the blood form the kidney tubules, causing a loss of water into the urine

Front 53

neurogenic shock

Back 53

shock resulting form the brain ro spinal cord injury that causes an interuption or nerve impulses to the arteries with loss of arterial tone, dilation, and relative hypovolemia

Front 54

anaphylaxis

Back 54

a life threating alergic reation

Front 55

septic shock

Back 55

shock that develops as the result of infection carried by the bloodstream, eventually causing dysfunction of multiple organ systems

Front 56

multiple organ dysfuntion syndrome

Back 56

progressive impairment of 2 or more organ systems resulting from an uncrontrolled inflammatory response to a severe illness or injury

Front 57

progression of MODS

Back 57

infection
sepsis
septic shock
MODS
Death in not corrected early