Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is the largest organ in the body?
|
Integumentary
|
|
|
What % of body weight is the skin?
|
16%
|
|
|
What seperates the epidermis & inner dermis?
|
Basement membrane
|
|
|
What is a rash?
|
Temporary eruption of the skin.
|
|
|
What is a lesion?
|
Loss of normal tissue continuity due to traumatic or pathologic injury.
|
|
|
Can a rash have a lesion?
|
Yes
|
|
|
What 2 types can eczema be classified into?
|
Atopic
Nummular |
|
|
What is Eczema?
|
A common name for chronic dermatitis.
|
|
|
What is Nummular Eczema
|
Papular or vesicular lesions that can become infected by bacteria.
|
|
|
What is Atopic Eczema?
|
Allergic , family hx of asthma or allergies, usually peds.
|
|
|
Explain the manifestations of Infantile atopic eczema;
|
Lesions begin in the cheeks & move down, usually sparing the diaper area.
Lesions start as vesicles & can progress onto oozing & crustations. |
|
|
Explain the manifestations of Adult atopic eczema;
|
Puritus, dry skin, scratching leads to excoriation, lichenification & sometimes scarring.
Hypo or Hyperpigmented color on the antecubital & popliteal areas. |
|
|
Alopecia may be accompanied by cicatrical changes, what does that mean?
|
Loss of hair w/scarring, this would be permanent hair loss.
|
|
|
What is Anagen?
|
The growth phase of a hair folicle.
|
|
|
What is Telogen?
|
The resting phase of a hair folicle.
|
|
|
What are some causes of Alopecia?
|
Cancer meds, Chemotherapy, Certain drugs, Symptoms of systemic dz (SLE, syphilis, lasa fever), hormonal imbalances.
|
|
|
What is alopecia medicamentosa?
|
Loss of hair as a result of medical treatment.
|
|
|
What is Lassa fever?
|
A potentially lethal viral illness marked by hemorrhage, extreme muscle pain, and in some cases shock. It is contracted solely in Africa. (One of the sx is alopecia.)
|
|
|
Alopecia/Syphillis;
|
Alopecia ia a common manifestation in the secondary stage of syphillis.
|
|
|
Alopecia w/SLE?
|
Scarring alopecia is induced by DLE.
|
|
|
Alopecia etiology w/SLE;
|
During catabolic events of SLE, the normal growing phase of hair bulbs evolve prematurely into a resting phase, defective hair shafts may also be produced breaking off close to the scalp.(facial & body hair may also be affected)
|
|
|
What is mucocutaneous?
|
Concerning mucous membrane and the skin.
|
|
|
What is catabolic illness?
|
Rapid weight loss with loss of body fat and muscle mass that frequently accompanies short-term, self-limiting conditions such as infection or injury. This condition may be associated with diabetic ketoacidosis, multiple organ system failure, and chemotherapy or radiation therapy for cancer.
|
|
|
What is catabolic force?
|
Energy produced by metabolism of food.
|
|
|
Male pattern alopecia etiology;
|
Begins in the 20's-30's w/loss from the vertex & frontoparietal regions. Genetically predisposed response to androgens(sensitive & insensitive)
|
|
|
Male pattern alopecia, androgen sensitive;
|
Androgen sensitive follicles are distributed mainly on top of the scalp, & are transformed into vellus folicles.
|
|
|
Male pattern alopecia, androgen insensitive;
|
Androgen insensitive folicles are on the sides & the back.
|
|
|
Female pattern alopecia etiology;
|
Etiology unknown, believed to be a combination of genetic factors & increased hair folicle response to androgens. Folicles produce finer & lighter terminal hairs, until hair production ceases w/ the lengthening of the anagen phase & shortening of the telogen phase.
|
|
|
What is Areate alopecia?
|
A microscopic inflammatory, usually reversible patchy hair loss. Occurs in sharply deformed areas of beard & scalp.
|
|
|
What is DHEA?
|
(levels are elevated in many women w/alopecia)Dehydroepiandrosterone, a androgenic substance, C19H28O2, present in urine. It has about one fifth the potency of androsterone.
|
|
|
What is hirsutism?
|
Condition characterized by the excessive growth of hair or the presence of hair in unusual places, esp. in women.
|
|
|
What is the cause of hirsutism?
|
Abnormalities of androgen production or metabolism, or it may be a side effect of medication or hormonal therapies or adrenal or ovarian tumor.
|
|
|
What is adrenocorticotropic hormone?
|
A hormone secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary that controls the development and functioning of the adrenal cortex, including its secretion of glucocorticoids and androgens.
|
|
|
What is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)?
|
(Stein-Leventhal syndrome) Chronic anovulation in the setting of obesity, hyperinsulinemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, lipid abnormalities, hirsutism, infertility, and ovarian cysts.
|
|
|
What is congenital adrenal hyperplasia?
|
Production of cortisol, aldosterone, or both are impaired because of an autosomal recessive genetic defect in one of the adrenal enzymes involved in synthesizing adrenal steroid hormones from cholesterol.
|
|
|
What are the manisfestations of polycystic ovary syndrome & congenital adrenal hyperplasia?
|
Virilization
|
|
|
What is virilization?
|
Masculine secondary sex changes in a woman. Included would be voice change, development of male-type baldness, clitoral enlargement, and increased growth of facial and body hair.
|
|
|
Hirsutism dx/check for?
|
Polycystic ovaries
Adrenal tumors Adrenal hyperplasia |
|
|
Hirsutism management?
|
If no hormonal pathology;
Oral Contraceptives, Glucocortidoids, Cimetidine, Finasteride, Cosmetic hair removal |
|
|
What is Paronychia?
|
Bacterial infection of the cuticle.
|
|
|
What is Onychomycosis?
|
(tinea unguium) A dermatophyte infection of the nails.
|
|
|
What is the process of Chronic Paronychia?
|
Gradual development w/tenderness & swelling around the proximal or lateral nail folds, space between the proximal nail fold & nail plate is where bacteria grows, as infection progresses the nail may lift away from the bed, proximal nail fold may contain pus, nail plate usually not affected.
|
|
|
Tx of Paronychia?
|
Keep hands dry.
Applying topical thymol. |
|
|
What is the process of Onychomycosis?
|
(Tinea Ungulum) Caused by combo of bacteria & fungi (candida), begins at the tip of the nail & appears opaque, white or silvery, then turns yellow or brown & gradually thickens & cracks as infection spreads to nail plate.(is rare in immunocompromised hosts)
|
|
|
Superficial white onychomycosis;
|
Presents as one or several chalky white spots on the surface of the nail & is the only type of onychomycosis that responds to topical antifungal therapy.
|
|
|
What is Allergic & Irritant Contact Dermatitis?
|
After the irritant or allergen initially contacts the skin a reaction occurs, usualy manifestations include erythema, exudates, scaling & pruritus.
|
|
|
Allergic Contact Dermatitis Etiology;
|
A cell-mediated response or delayed hypersensitivity reaction occurs. The allergen binds w/a protein to form an antigenic molecule.
|
|
|
When does sensitization occur w/allergic contact dermatitis?
|
On the first exposure & manifestations occur on re-exposure.
|
|
|
Pathophysiology & manifestations of guttae psoriasis;
|
Common in children & young adults, brought on by UR strep infection, responds to UVB phototherapy, recurrence is is common w/UR strep infection.
|
