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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is hypertrophy?
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It is an increase in the size of cells. Enlarged skeletal muscle with exercise or anabolic steroid use and enlarged cardiac muscle in response to volume overload or hypertension.
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What is hyperplasia?
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It is an increase in the number of cells. It may be a physiologic response or a pathological process.
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Give an example of physiologic hyperplasia.
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Increased size of the female breast or uterus in response to hormones.
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Give an example of compensatory pathologic hyperplasia.
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Regenerating liver, increased numbers of RBCs in response to hypoxia, and increased lymphocytes w/i lymph nodes in response to bacterial infections(follicular nodular hyperplasia).
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Give an example of purely pathologic hyperplasia.
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Abnormal enlargement of the endometrium(endometrial hyperplasia) and the prostate(benign prostatic hyperplasia).
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What is atrophy?
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Decrease in the size and function of cells. Decreased size of limbs immobilized by a plaster cast or paralysis, or decreased size of organs affected by endocrine insufficiencies or decreased blood flow.
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What is metaplasia?
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This term describes the conversion of one histologic cell type to another.
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Give an example of metaplasia.
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Respiratory epithelium changing to stratified squamous epithelium(squamous metaplasia) in response to prolonged smoking. Normal stratified squamous of the lower esophagous changing to gastric type mucosa in response to chronic reflux.
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What is dysplasia?
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This refers to disorganized growth and is characterized by the presence of atypical or dysplastic cells. It can be seen in many organs such as within the epidermis in response to sun damage(actinic keratosis), the respiratory tract, ot the cervix(cervical dysplasia).
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