Pathophys Test 2 Review 10, 11, 12,20

Front 1

2 main lymphatic disorders

Back 1

HODGKIN'S LYMPHOMA

NON-HODGKIN'S LYMPHOMA

Front 2

LYMPHOMAS

Back 2

MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS INVOLVING LYMPHOCYTE PROLIFERATION IN THE LYMPH NODES

Front 3

MALIGNANCY INITIALLY INVOLVES A SINGLE LYMPH NODE FREQUENTLY IN THE

Back 3

NECK AREA

Front 4

THE ____________ APPEAR TO BE DEFECTIVE AND THE LYMPHOCYTE COUNT IS DECREASED

Back 4

T LYMPHOCYTES

Front 5

STAGE 1 HODGKINS

Back 5

AFFECTING A SINGLE LYMPH NODE OR REGION

Front 6

STAGE II HODGKIN'S

Back 6

AFFECTING 2 OR MORE LYMPH NODE REGIONS ON THE SAME SIDE OF THE DIAPHRAGM OR IN A RELATIVELY LOCALIZED AREA

Front 7

STAGE III HODGKIN'S

Back 7

INVOLVES NODES ON BOTH SIDES OF DIAPHRAGM AND SPLEEN

Front 8

STAGE IV HODGKIN'S

Back 8

REPRESENTS DIFFUSE EXTRA-LYMPHATIC INVOLVEMENT SUCH AS BONE, LUNG OR LIVER

(WIDE SPREAD)

Front 9

WHAT IS THE FIRST INDICATOR OF HODGKIN'S LYMPHOMA?

Back 9

PAINLESS, NON TENDER CERVICAL LYMPH NODE

Front 10

WHAT LYMPHOCYTES ARE INVOLVED IN HODGKIN'S LYMPHOMA?

Back 10

T LYMPHOCYTES

Front 11

WHAT LYMPHOCYTES ARE INVOLVED IN NON-HODGKIN'S LYMPHOMA?

Back 11

B LYMPHOCYTES

Front 12

HOW ARE THE SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF HODGKIN'S AND NON-HODGKIN'S LYMPHOMA DIFFER?

Back 12

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS ARE SIMILAR

Front 13

BARORECPTERS

Back 13

SENSE CHANGES IN BLOOD PRESSURE AND SEND SIGNALS TO CONTRAL CENTER

Front 14

SYMPATHETIC RECEPTORS IN HEART RESPOND TO WHAT?

Back 14

EPINEPHRINE

Front 15

WHAT IS THE SITE FOR ACTION FOR BETA-BLOCKERS?

Back 15

SYMPATHETIC RECEPTORS

Front 16

THESE ARTERIES SUPPLY BLOOD TO THE TISSUES OF THE HEART.

Back 16

RIGHT AND LEFT CORONARY ARTERIES

Front 17

WHICH 2 NODES DOES THE RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY SUPPLY BLOOD TO?

Back 17

SA AND AV NODES

Front 18

BLOCKAGE OF THE LEFT CORONARY ARTERY, WHICH SUPPLIES LEFT VENTRICLE CAUSES WHAT?

Back 18

CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE

Front 19

A BLOCKAGE IN THE RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY IS MORE LIKELY TO CAUSE WHAT?

Back 19

ARRHYTHMIAS

Front 20

CONTRACTION

Back 20

SYSTOLE

Front 21

DIASTOLE

Back 21

RELAXATION

Front 22

HEART SOUNDS

Back 22

LUBB DUPP

Front 23

LUBB

Back 23

OCCURS DURING VENTRICULAR CONTRACTION

(AV VALVES CLOSING)

Front 24

DUPP

Back 24

OCCURS DURING VENTRICULAR RELAXATION

(SEMILUNAR VALVES CLOSING)

Front 25

MURMUR

Back 25

ABNORMAL HEART SOUND

DUE TO INCOMPLETE CLOSURE OF HEART VALVES

Front 26

WHAT 2 MAIN FACTORS INFLUENCE BLOOD VOLUME AND THEREFORE PRESSURE?

Back 26

CARDIAC OUTPUT

PERIPHERAL RESISTANCE

Front 27

HOW IS BLOOD PRESSURE REGULATED?

Back 27

BP = CO X PR

Front 28

VOLUME OF BLOOD DISCHARGED FROM THE VENTRICLE IN ONE MINUTE

Back 28

CARDIAC OUTPUT

Front 29

VOLUME OF BLOOD RELEASED FROM VENTRICLE WITH EACH CONTRACTION

Back 29

STROKE VOLUME

Front 30

WHAT DOES CARDIAC OUTPUT DEPEND ON?

Back 30

STROKE VOLUME AND HEART RATE

Front 31

NUMBER OF BEATS PER MINUTE

Back 31

HEART RATE

Front 32

FRICTION BETWEEN BLOOD AND WALLS OF BLOOD VESSELS

Back 32

PERIPHERAL RESISTANCE

Front 33

AS RESISTANCE INCREASES, BLOOD PRESSURE

Back 33

INCREASES

Front 34

WHAT ARE THE THREE CORONARY ARTERY DISEASES?

(CAD)

Back 34

ARTERIOSCLEROSIS AND ATHEROSCLEROSIS

ANGINA PECTORIS

MYOCARIDAL INFARCTION

Front 35

VASCULAR DISORDERS

Back 35

ARTERIAL DISEASES

VENOUS DISORDERS

Front 36

ARTERIAL DISEASES

Back 36

HYPERTENSION

AORTIC ANEURYSMS

Front 37

VENOUS DISORDER

Back 37

VARICOSE VEINS

Front 38

DIAGNOSTIC TEST FOR HEART DISORDERS

Back 38

EXERCISE STRESS TEST

CHEST X RAY

NUCLEAR IMAGING

CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION

ANGIOGRAPHY

DOPPLER STUDIES

BLOOD TESTS

BLOOD GASES

Front 39

GENERAL TREATMENTS FOR HEART DISORDERS

Back 39

LOWER LIPIDS

STOP SMOKING

Front 40

DRUG THERAPIES

Back 40

VASODIALATORS

BETA BLOCKERS

CA CHANNEL BLOCKERS

DIGOXIN

ANTI HYPERTENSIVES

DIURETICS

Front 41

ANTICOAGULANTS

Back 41

REDUCE CLOTTING (CAD), ASPIRIN, COUMADIN

Front 42

LIPID LOWERING

Back 42

LOWER LDL AND CHOLESTEROL BY BLOCKING SYNTHESIS IN THE LIVER

Front 43

WHAT ARE STATINS?

Back 43

ZOCOR, LIPITOR

(LIPID LOWERING DRUGS)

Front 44

WHAT ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS ARE SYNTHESIZED IN THE LIVER?

Back 44

CHOLESTEROL AND TRIGLYCERIDES

Front 45

WHICH TYPE OF CHOLESTEROL TRANSPORTS CHOLESTEROL FROM THE LIVER TO THE CELLS?

Back 45

LDL

Front 46

WHICH TYPE OF CHOLESTEROL TRANSPORTS CHOLESTEROL AWAY FROM CELLS TO LIVER WHERE IT IS CATABOLIZED AND EXCRETED

Back 46

HDL

Front 47

WHAT IS THE MAJOR FACTOR FOR ATHEROMA FORMATION?

Back 47

BAD CHOLESTEROL (LDL)

Front 48

HIGH CRP INDICATES WHAT?

Back 48

INFLAMMATION

Front 49

WHAT IS TREATMENT FOR ATHEROSCLEROSIS?

Back 49

ANGIOPLASTY (BALLOON, LASER, DRUG COATED STENTS)

Front 50

WHAT CONDITION OCCURS DUE TO LACK OF OXYGEN IN HEART MUSCLE, USUALLY WHEN DEMAND IS SUDDEN?

Back 50

ANGINA PECTORIS

(CHEST PAIN)

Front 51

HOW DOES THE HEART USUALLY ADAPT TO OXYGEN NEEDED BY VASODILATION OF CORONARY ARTERIES?

Back 51

AUTOREGULATION

Front 52

WHAT TRIGGERS ANGINA PECTORIS?

Back 52

EXERTION / STRESS

Front 53

WHAT CONDITION CAUSES A REDUCTION IN OXYGEN TRANSPORT DUE TO

DECREASED HGB

DECREASED RBC'S

Back 53

ANEMIAS

Front 54

WHAT ARE THE GENERAL SIGNS OF ANEMIA?

Back 54

FATIGUE

PALLOR

DYSPNEA

TACHYCARDIA

Front 55

WHAT CAUSES ANGINA OR CHF?

Back 55

DECREASED O2 SUPPLY TO HEART

Front 56

IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA RESULTS IN WHAT?

Back 56

MICROCYTIC (SMALL) AND HYPOCHOMIC (LESS COLOR) RBC's

Front 57

WHAT ARE LAB TEST ARE DONE FOR IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA?

Back 57

IRON

FERR

TRANSFERRIN

HH

Front 58

WHAT IS PERNICIOUS ANEMIA ALSO KNOW AS?

Back 58

VIT B12 DEFICIENCY

Front 59

WHAT TYPE OF ANEMIA IS PERNICIOUS ANEMIA?

Back 59

MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA

Front 60

MALABSORPTION OF VIT B12 CAN BE DUE TO LACK OF WHAT?

Back 60

INTRINSIC FACTOR

Front 61

SICKLE CELL ANEMIA IS WHAT TYPE OF ANEMIA?

Back 61

HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA

EXCESSIVE DESTRUCTION OF RBC's

Front 62

WHAT CONDITION CAUSES A PRODUCTION OF RBC's BY BONE MARROW, AND IS NEOPLASTIC?

Back 62

PRIMARY POLYCYTHEMIA

Front 63

SECONDARY POLYCYTHEMIA IS ALSO KNOW AS?

Back 63

ERYTHROCYTOSIS

Front 64

WHAT CONDITION CAUSES AN INCREASE IN RBC's THAT OCCUR IN RESPONSE TO PROLONGED HYPOXIA & INCREASED ERYTHROPOIETIN SECRETION?

Back 64

SECONDARY POLYCYTHEMIA

Front 65

ELEVATED BLOOD PRESSURE

HEART ENLARGES

SPLEEN AND LIVER ENLARGE DUE TO CONGESTION

Back 65

CAUSES OF PRIMARY POLYCYTHEMIA

Front 66

WHAT IS THE MOST COMMON INHERITED CLOTTING DISORDER?

Back 66

HEMOPHILIA A

Front 67

WHAT CLOTTING FACTOR IS MISSING IN HEMOPHILIA A PATIENTS?

Back 67

CLOTTING FACTOR VIII (8)

Front 68

WHAT CONDITION IS CAUSED BY A DEFICIT OF CLOTTING FACTOR IX (9)?

Back 68

HEMOPHILIA B

Front 69

WHAT CLOTTING DISORDER IS A MILDER FORM RESULTING FROM DECREASED FACTOR XI (11)

Back 69

HEMOPHILIA C

Front 70

FREQUENT NOSE BLEEDS

Back 70

EPISTAXIS

Front 71

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF WHAT CONDITION?

PROLONGED OR SEVERE HEMORRHAGE OCCURS FOLLOWING MINOR TISSUE TRAUMA

(HEMATOMA, ECCHYMOSIS, HEMARTHROSIS)

Back 71

HEMOPHILIA

Front 72

TREATMENT FOR SICKLE CELL ANEMIA

Back 72

DRUGS TO REDUCE SICKLING

Front 73

WHAT IS A GROUP OF NEOPLASTIC DISORDERS INVOLVING WBC'S?

Back 73

LEUKEMIAS

Front 74

LEUKEMIA CAN BE CLASSIFIED AS?

Back 74

ACUTE OR CHRONIC

Front 75

ACUTE LEUKEMIA

Back 75

ABRUPT ONSET, WITH MARKED SIGNS

Front 76

INSIDIOUS ONSET, MILD SIGNS AND BETTER PROGNOSIS

Back 76

CHRONIC LEUKEMIA

Front 77

WHAT LYMPHOCYTES ARE INVOLVED IN ACUTE LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (ALL) WHAT AGE GROUP?

Back 77

B LYMPHOCYTES (YOUNG CHILDREN)

Front 78

WHICH WBC'S ARE INVOLVED IN ACUTE MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA (AML) WHAT AGE GROUP?

Back 78

GRANULOCYTES (ADULTS)

Front 79

WHAT WBC IS INVOLVED IN ACUTE MONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA?

Back 79

MONOCYTES (ADULTS)

Front 80

WHAT WBC IS INVOLVED IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL)?

Back 80

B LYMPHOCYTES

Front 81

WHAT WBC IS INVOLVED IN CHRONIC MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA (CML)?

Back 81

GRANULOCYTES (ADULTS 30-50)

Front 82

PROLIFERATION OF BONE MARROW SUPPRESSES NORMAL CELL DEVELOPMENT CAN LEAD TO WHAT?

Back 82

ANEMIAS AND THROMBOCYTOPENIA

Front 83

WHAT ARE SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF LEUKEMIA?

Back 83

MULITPLE INFECTIONS

BONE PAIN

FEVER

Front 84

WHAT ARE BLOOD TEST FOR LEUKEMIA?

Back 84

CBC

HIGH % OF WBC'S ARE IMMATURE AND APPEAR ABNORMAL

NUMBER OF RBC AND PLT ARE DECREASED

Front 85

WHAT IS THE PRIMARY CAUSE OF DEATH IN AMERICAN MEN AND WOMEN?

Back 85

MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

Front 86

MI OR HEART ATTACT OCCURS WHEN THERE IS PROLONGED ___________ TO HEART MUSCLE WHICH LEADS TO CELL DEATH OR ___________.

Back 86

ISCHEMIA, INFARCTION

Front 87

HOW DOES AN INFARCTION DEVELOPMENT?

Back 87

THROMBUS

VASOSPASM

EMBOLISM

Front 88

WHAT CAN REDUCE SIZE AND IMPACT OF INFARCT?

Back 88

COLLATERAL CIRCULATION

Front 89

WHAT ARE THE WARNING SIGNS OF MI?

Back 89

PRESSURE IN CHEST

SHORTNESS OF BREATH

NAUSEA

ANXIETY

Front 90

NECROTIC CELLS RELEASE WHAT?

Back 90

SERUM ENZYMES

LDH

AST

CKMB

Front 91

IN TERMS OF SHOCK, LOW BLOOD VOLUME AND HYPOXIA?

Back 91

CARDIOGENIC SHOCK

Front 92

WHAT CONDITION OCCURS WHEN THE HEART IS UNABLE TO PUMP BLOOD IN SUFFICIENT QUANTITIES TO MEET METABOLIC NEEDS?

Back 92

CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE

Front 93

DECREASED CARDIAC OUTPUT OR STROKE VOLUME PRODUCES WHAT EFFECT?

Back 93

FORWARD EFFECT

Front 94

WHAT EFFECT IS CAUSED BY CONGESTION BEHIND THE AFFECTED VENTRICLE?

Back 94

BACK UP EFFECT

Front 95

LEFT SIDED CHF'S BACK UP EFFECT IS?

Back 95

PULMONARY CONGESTION

Front 96

RIGHT SIDED CHF'S BACKUP EFFECT IS CONGESTION IN WHAT?

Back 96

SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION

Front 97

WHAT CAUSES SECONDARY HYPERTENSION?

Back 97

RENAL OR ENDOCRINE DISEASE

Front 98

HOW IS CELL GROWTH AND REPRODUCTION REGULATED?

Back 98

SPECIFIC REGULATOR GENES IN DNA WHICH CAN VARY BASED ON CELL TYPE

Front 99

WHAT IS THE STUDY OF TUMORS OR MASSES?

Back 99

ONCOLOGY

Front 100

WHEN A MASS IS USUALLY NOT LIFE THREATENING?

Back 100

BENIGN

Front 101

WHEN A MASS IS LIFE THREATENING?

METASTASIZE

INFILTRATES

Back 101

MALIGNANT

Front 102

WHAT CONDITION OCCURS WHEN NORMAL CELL ORGANIZATION, CELL CONTACTS AND COMMUNICATIONS ARE LOST?

Back 102

CANCER

Front 103

GROWTH OF TUMOR COMPRESSES TISSUE RESULTING IN?

Back 103

ISCHEMIA

NECROSIS AND INFLAMMATION

Front 104

_____________ OF TUMORS IS BASED ON THE DEGREE OF CELL DIFFERENTIATION

Back 104

GRADING

Front 105

WELL DIFFERENTIATED, SIMILAR TO NORMAL

Back 105

GRADE 1 TUMORS

Front 106

HIGHLY UNDIFFERENTIATED CELLS THAT VARY IN SIZE AND SHAPE "ANAPLASIA"

Back 106

GRADE 4 TUMORS

Front 107

LOCAL EFFECTS OF TUMOR

Back 107

PAIN

OBSTRUCTION

INFECTION

Front 108

TUMOR MARKERS

Back 108

PRODUCED BY TUMOR AND CIRCULATING IN BLOOD

Front 109

WHAT ARE THE 5 TYPES OF TUMOR MARKERS?

Back 109

ENZYMES

TISSUE RECEPTORS

ANTIGENS

ONCOGENES

HORMONES

Front 110

ENZYMES

Back 110

-ASE

Front 111

AFP

CEA

CA125

CA19-9

PSA

Back 111

ANTIGENS

Front 112

GENES THAT ARE ACTIVE IN FETAL DEVELOPMENT AND TRIGGER THE GROWTH OF TUMORS WHEN THEY ARE ACTIVATED IN MATURE CELLS ARE?

Back 112

ONCOGENES

Front 113

HORMONES

Back 113

-INS

Front 114

WHAT TUMORS ARE LOCATED IN THE SITE OF PATHOGENESIS?

Back 114

PRIMARY TUMORS

Front 115

WHAT TUMORS SPREAD TO ANOTHER AREA OR REGION?

Back 115

SECONDARY TUMORS

Front 116

INVASION

Back 116

LOCAL SPREAD

Front 117

WHEN CELLS SPREAD TO DISTANT SITES BY BLOOD OR LYMPHATIC CHANNELS?

Back 117

METASTASIS

Front 118

SPREAD OF CANCER CELLS IN THE BODY FLUIDS OR ALONG MEMBRANES IS KNOWN AS WHAT?

Back 118

SEEDING

Front 119

WHAT STAGE OF CANCER THAT IS SMALL, LOCALIZED, EASY TO TREAT AND A GOOD PROGNOSIS?

Back 119

STAGE I CANCER

Front 120

WHAT STAGE OF CANCER IS WELL ADVANCED, MULTIPLE SITES, DIFFICULT TO TREAT WITH A POOR PROGNOSIS?

Back 120

STAGE IV

Front 121

WHAT IS THE PROCESS WHERE NORMAL CELLS ARE TRANSFORMED TO CANCER CELLS?

Back 121

CARCINOGENS

Front 122

WHAT CAUSES DNA MUTATION THAT IS IRREVERSIBLE?

Back 122

INITIATING FACTORS

Front 123

WHAT DOES IT MEAN WHEN REPEATED EXPOSURE FURTHER CHANGE OCCURS IN THE GENE STRUCTURE?

Back 123

PROMOTING FACTORS

Front 124

WHAT TYPE OF EFFECTS ARE NUMEROUS WITH CHEMOTHERAPY AND RADIATION?

Back 124

ADVERSE EFFECTS

Front 125

DEFINED IN TERMS OF 5 YEAR SURVIVAL WITHOUT RECURRENCE AFTER TREATMENT

Back 125

CURE

Front 126

WHAT TYPE OF SHOCK RESULTS FROM LOSS OF BLOOD OR LOSS OF PLASMA?

Back 126

HYPOVOLEMIC SHOCK