Pathophys 2 Alterations In Systemic Blood Flow

Front 1

the primary risk factor for atherosclerosis is _____

others include:

Back 1

Major= Hi cholesterol >200mg/dL

Hi LDL - Lo HDL
Men>45 Women>55
family history
cigarette
obesity
physically inactive
diabetes mellitits

Front 2

the formation of atherosclerosis involves plaque on the ____vessel layer causing inflammation and proliferation of _____ within the BV

Back 2

plaque forms on the endothelial layer of the vessel

inflammation causes proliferation of connective tissue within the BV

Front 3

T/F

Ischemic disorders occur in both arteries and veins

Back 3

F

Arteries ONLY

Front 4

what are the 2 kinds of ischemic disorders of the systemic circulatory system?

Back 4

Vasculitis -> necrosis of BV
Occlusion -> mechanical blockage

Front 5

what is the difference between a thrombus and an emboli?

Back 5

thrombus- clot that sticks to the BV

emboli- a traveling clot

Front 6

Which of the following is not an example of Occlusion?

a) embolus
b) artherosclerosis
c) Bruegers
d) Raynauds

Back 6

Breugers- Thromboangitis Obliterans is form of vasculitis- inflammation causes a clot

(vasculitis is also termporal arteritis)

Front 7

Define Aneurysm

Back 7

abnormal localized dilation of a BV/Artery

Front 8

T/F

An aneurysm is an abnormal localized constriction of an artery or vein

Back 8

F
abnormal localized Dilation of an Artery

Front 9

which is not true about a Pseudo Aneurysm?

a) All layers of the BV are distended
b) Distention of a few layers of the BV
c) Caused by discontinuity of the Tunica Media
d) a/b
e) a/c
f) All are true

Back 9

Distention of all layers of the BV=True Aneurysm

Pseudo is caused by discontinuity of Tunica Intima

Front 10

List the forms of an aneruysm

Back 10

berry-small
fusform-large
saccular
dissecting/pseudo

Front 11

List the possible outcomes of an aneurysm

Back 11

increased tension -> rupture
increased tension-> compression

Front 12

T/F
An aortic aneurysm is typically asymptomatic

Back 12

True

Front 13

Which is a common cause for an aortic aneurysm

a) Atherosclerosis
b) degeneration of vessel media
c) Weakness in smooth muscle layer
d) a/b
e) b/c
f) all are causes

Back 13

atherosclerosis
degeneration of vessel media

Front 14

T/F
Dissecting aneurysm is typically asymptomatic

Back 14

F
abrupt excruciating pain at region of aortic tear but subsides over time

Front 15

Which of the following is not an example of Occlusion?

a) embolus
b) artherosclerosis
c) Bruegers
d) Raynauds

Back 15

Breugers- Thromboangitis Obliterans is form of vasculitis- inflammation causes clot- usually radial/med artery causing cold hands/fingers

(vasculitis is also termporal arteritis)

Front 16

Define Aneurysm

Back 16

abnormal localized dilation of a BV/Artery

Front 17

T/F

An aneurysm is an abnormal localized constriction of an artery or vein

Back 17

F
abnormal localized Dilation of an Artery

Front 18

which is not true about a Pseudo Aneurysm?

a) All layers of the BV are distended
b) Distention of a few layers of the BV
c) Caused by discontinuity of the Tunica Media
d) a/b
e) a/c
f) All are true

Back 18

Distention of all layers of the BV=True Aneurysm

Pseudo is caused by discontinuity of Tunica Intima

Front 19

List the forms of an aneruysm

Back 19

berry-small
fusform-large
saccular
dissecting/pseudo

Front 20

List the possible causes of an aneurysm

Back 20

Trauma
infection
congenital
atherosclerosis

Front 21

T/F
An aortic aneurysm is typically asymptomatic

Back 21

True

Front 22

Which is a common cause for an aortic aneurysm

a) Atherosclerosis
b) degeneration of vessel media
c) Weakness in smooth muscle layer
d) a/b
e) b/c
f) all are causes

Back 22

atherosclerosis
degeneration of vessel media

Front 23

T/F
Dissecting aneurysm is typically asymptomatic

Back 23

F
abrupt excruciating pain at region of tear occurs but subsides over time

Front 24

Which is not a cause of Varicose Veins?

a) Deep vein thrombosis
b) pressure/stasis
c) congenital
d) arteriovenous fistula
e) ALL are causes

Back 24

ALL

Front 25

the incidence of varicose veins is greater in which groups

Back 25

elderly >50
women > men
hereditary

Front 26

what is the difference between Primary and Secondary varicose veins?

Back 26

primary- originates in superficial saphenous syst
secondary- impaired blood flow in deep venous syst

Front 27

when veins become dilated/stretched by hydrostatic/venous pressure to inhibit valve function - the px is at risk for _____

Back 27

varicose veins

Front 28

T/F

lack of valves in the inferior vena cava and the common iliac veins can cause varicose veins

Back 28

True

Front 29

why are obese people at hi risk for varicose veins?

Back 29

bc superficial system has only fat/superficial facia and no muscle tone to help return the blood against gravity

Front 30

list the symptoms of varicose veins

Back 30

leg pain, edema

Front 31

list diagnostic methods for varicose veins

Back 31

inspection of dilated veins
Tredelenburg's test- asses superficial and deep system
Doppler
Angiography

Front 32

list treatment methods for varicose veins

Back 32

elastic support stocking
leg compressing
sclerotherapy
surgery- deep vein only

Front 33

what is the cause of chronic venous insufficiency?

Back 33

deep vein thrombosis causing valvular incompetency -> dilation

Front 34

What is the mechanism of chronic venous insufficiency

Back 34

deep vein valvular incompetence->failure of superficial/communicating syst->blood stasis in venous syst->tissue congestion, edema, tissue malnutrition

Front 35

List the s/s of chronic venous insufficiency

Back 35

heavy sensation
edema
brown skin pigmentation
venous ulcers

Front 36

define thrombophlebitis

Back 36

venous thrombosis causing inflammation

Front 37

Which test is used to diagnose thrombophlebitis?

a) Tredelenburgs
b) Homans
c) Bancroft
d) a/b
e) b/c
f) None

Back 37

Homans-Dorsiflexion
Bancroft-Calf pain w pressure

(tedelenburgs test for varicose veins deep/superficial)

Front 38

T/F

Dehydration can increase coagulability and increase risk of venous thrombosis

Back 38

true

also- pregnancy/postpartum, cancer, birth control pill

Front 39

Which is not a possible cause for venous thrombosis

a) immobility
b) HT Disease
c) trauma
d) pregnancy
e) none
f) all

Back 39

All

Venous stasis
hyper-coagulability
trauma

Front 40

if left untreated _____ can cause a pulmonary embolism

Back 40

thrombophlebitis

Front 41

How can you prevent venous thrombosis?

Back 41

avoid stasis

Front 42

what is the treatment goal for varicose veins?

Back 42

prevent dvlpment and improve venous flow

Front 43

what is the treatment goal for venous thrombosis

a) prevent further thrombus formation
b) minimize valve damage
c) progress existing thrombus
d) All
e) none

Back 43

All

Front 44

List treatment methods for thrombophlebitis

Back 44

raised leg
heat
elastic support
surgery
anticoagulation

Front 45

what is the treatment for compartment syndromes

Back 45

release pressure

Front 46

pressure ulcers are caused by

a) external pressure
b) moisture
c) friction
d) a/b
e) a/c

Back 46

xternal pressure
friction

Front 47

T/F

pressure ulcers form when the capillary pressure exceeds the external pressure for more than 3 hours

Back 47

F

external pressure > capillary pressure
greater than 2 hours

Front 48

T/F
Compartment syndrome can occur with either an increase or decrease in compartment size

Back 48

true

Front 49

list causes of compartment syndrome

Back 49

crushing injury
fracture
contusion
bug bite
venous occlusion

Front 50

list the diagnostic signs and symptoms for compartment syndrome

Back 50

deep throbbing pain greater than expected
pain w passive stretch
taut, shiny, warm, red skin over compartment
paresis
parasthesias->anesthesia

Front 51

T/F
Doppler can be used to diagnose compartment syndromes

Back 51

True
also- measurement of pressure