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4 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ARDS
Also called? Prognosis? Etiology? Pathogenesis? Histology? |
- Shock lung, Diffuse Alveolar Damage (DAD), Acute lung injury (rather: acute lung injury can develop into ARDS), in neonates: Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS)
- Bad. Mortality > 60% - Direct lung injury: Pneumonia, aspiration of gastric contents - Indirect lung injury: Sepsis, severe trauma w/ shock. - It is fundamentally a inflammatory problem in which the pro- anti-inflammation balance has been skewd. Neutrophils are the one of the major damaging agents. Their products damage the integrity of the alveolar-capillary membrane. The injury may be endothelial, epithelial, or most commonly, both. This leads to ↑vascular permeability and alveolar flooding, loss of diffusion capacity, widespread surfactant abnormalities. - Acute phase - Collapsed alveoli and alveoli with hyaline deposits attached to the alveolar wall. - Organizing stage - Intra-alveolar fibrosis, thickening of alveolar septa. |
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Sarcoidosis
Definition? Major presenting manifestation? Etiology? Pathogenesis? Morphology? |
- Multisystem disease of unknown etiology (immune disorder suspected) characterized by NONCASEATING granulomas in many tissues and organs.
- Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy or lung involvent (or both), visible on chest radiographs. - Unknown, but immune disorder is suspected. - ? But lungs are invlolved in 90% of patients. Skin lesions, eye, bone marrow, liver and spleen involvement is also possible. - Noncaseating epithelioid granuloma irrespective of organ involved. -- Compact collection of epithelioid cells (and some giant cells) rimmed by an outer zone of lymphocytes (CD4+ T). The rim is surrounded by a thin layer of fibroblasts. -- Shaumann bodies: Laminated concretions of calcium and proteins -- Asteroid bodies: Stellate inclusions enclosed w/i giant cells. |
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Wegener Granulomatosis
Characterized by? Type of hypersensitivity? cANCA i serum? Affected population? Morphology? |
- Acute necrotizing granulomas of upper or lower respiratory tract, or both.
- Necrotizing or granolumatous vasculitus affecting small to medium-sized vessels, mostly in the airways. - Renal disease in the form of focal necrotizing, often crescentic, glomerolunephtitis. II, III and IV Yes Middle age, M>F It may, however, be restricted to the respiratory tract. And more than 80% of patients with WG develop upper respiratory or pulmonary manifestations at some time in the course of their disease. - The necrotizing granulomas are surrounded by a zone of fibroblastic proliferation with giant cells and leukocyte infiltration. -- Multiple granulomata can coalesce to produce radiographically visible nodules that can also cavitate - Renal lesions: -- Early: Focal necrosis with thrombosis in isolated glomerular capillary loops. -- Advanced: Diffuse necrosis and perietal cell prolif. to form crescents. |
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TBC
What type of disease is it? What organs does it affect? How can it's presence be tested? Morphology? |
It is a chronic granulomatous disease.
Usually the lungs but it can affect any organ. - Tuberculin (Mantoux) test - Acid-fast staining Granulomatous inflammation with or without casseous necrotic centre. Additionally, the granuloma are usually enclosed within a fibroblastic rim punctuated by lymphocytes. Langhan's cells are also present. |
