Pathology_4 02: Female Genital

Front 1

SCJ is ___. it separates between ___ and ___.

Back 1

squamo-columnar junction
ectocervix
transformation zone

Front 2

95% of cervical cancers are in ___.

Back 2

transformation zone

Front 3

4 cervical ca risk factors

Back 3

early age of 1st sex
oral contraceptives
smoking
HPV

Front 4

>___% of cervical ca pts have ___.

Back 4

85
HPV

Front 5

4 high-risk HPV types

Back 5

16
18
31
33

Front 6

high-risk HPV DNA is ___ i.e. ___

Back 6

bound
integrated into genome

Front 7

HPV types ___ (2) are associated with condylomas

Back 7

6
11

Front 8

HPV ___ is the type most commonly seen with cervical SCC

Back 8

16

Front 9

___% of mild dysplasia lesions spontaneously regress, but only in ___.

Back 9

65
girls

Front 10

3 macroscopic signs of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)

Back 10

white patch
abnormal vascularization
irregular surface

Front 11

average age for CIN is ___. for invasive cervical ca ___.

Back 11

30
45

Front 12

___ is cell typical of HPV. it is characterized by ___ (2).

Back 12

koilocyte
perinuclear vacuolization
nuclear atypia

Front 13

cervical carcinoma in situ means no ___.

Back 13

invasion of stroma

Front 14

T/F: carcinoma which has spread to glands can be in situ

Back 14

true

Front 15

invasion of ___mm is considered microinvasive. the lesion must be no more than ___mm broad.

Back 15

<5
7

Front 16

PAP smear misses ___% of cervical ca

Back 16

10--20

Front 17

SCC is ___% of all cervical ca.

Back 17

75--90

Front 18

2 kinds of cervical SCC
95% of cervical SCC is ___.

Back 18

large cell
small cell
large cell

Front 19

2 kinds of large cell cervical SCC

Back 19

keratinizing
nonkeratinizing

Front 20

keratinizing large cell cervical SCC is ___

Back 20

well-differentiated

Front 21

3 morphological types of cervical ca

Back 21

exophytic
ulcerating
infiltrative

Front 22

cervical adenoca is associated with HPV type ___

Back 22

18

Front 23

vaginal epithelium

Back 23

nonkeratinized stratified squamous

Front 24

upper part of vagina derived from ___.
lower part of vagina derived from ___.

Back 24

mullerian ducts
urogenital sinus

Front 25

4 kinds of vaginal tumors

Back 25

vaginal adenosis
SCC
clear cell adenoca
embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma

Front 26

vaginal ca are ___% of genital tract.
___% of vaginal ca are SCC

Back 26

1--2
95

Front 27

vaginal SCC is usually associated with ___

Back 27

HPV

Front 28

vaginal adenosis means ___-type glands are present in vagina. it is more common in women whose mothers received ___ during pregnancy.

Back 28

endocervical
diethylstilbestrol (DES)

Front 29

vaginal adenosis is a precursor of ___

Back 29

clear cell adenoca

Front 30

clear cell adenoca is a common/rare tumor of young/old women. like vaginal adenosis, it is associated with ___.

Back 30

rare
young
maternal use of DES

Front 31

clear cell adenoca has ___ pattern

Back 31

tubuloglandular

Front 32

embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma presents during the first ___ years of life. the tumor is ___ (2) and is indolent/malignant.

Back 32

5
large
lobulated (botyroides)
malignant

Front 33

embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma spreads ___ly

Back 33

hematogenous

Front 34

T/F: prognosis is always bad for embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma

Back 34

false: not if caught early

Front 35

vulvar SCC spreads ___ly early, and ___ly late.

Back 35

lymphatic
hematogenous

Front 36

___ is most common site of extramammary Paget's disease

Back 36

vulva

Front 37

in extramammary paget's disease ___ is present, but rarely ___.

Back 37

anaplastic cells in epidermis
underlying ca in glands

Front 38

___s aka ___s are the most common benign uterine tumor. they are responsive to ___ and regress after ___.

Back 38

leiomyoma
fibroid
estrogen
menopause

Front 39

leiomyomas are sworls of ___. they can be asymptomatic or present with ___ (3)

Back 39

smooth muscle
bleeding
bladder symptoms
abortion

Front 40

T/F: leiomyomas are well-delimited from myometrium

Back 40

true

Front 41

T/F: leiomyomas are encapsulated

Back 41

false

Front 42

___ leiomyomas commonly bleed

Back 42

submucous

Front 43

endometrial polyps are overgrowths of ___ (2). they are covered by ___.

Back 43

glands
stroma
epithelium

Front 44

endometrial polyps present with ___ (2)

Back 44

bleeding
infertility

Front 45

endometrial polyps are associated with ___, an estrogen R antagonist

Back 45

tamoxifen

Front 46

adenomyosis means ___. it is a kind of ___. it causes ___ (2)

Back 46

presence of endometrial tissue in the myometrium
endometriosis
bleeding
thickened myometrium

Front 47

3 theories of endometriosis

Back 47

regurgitation
metaplastic
lymphatic or hematogenous spread

Front 48

simple endometrial hyperplasia is characterized by ___ (2). it is premalignant/not.

Back 48

cystic glands
lots of intervening stroma
not

Front 49

complex endometrial (atypical) hyperplasia is characterized by ___. it is premalignant/not.

Back 49

crowded glands
premalignant

Front 50

endometrial ca occurs mostly in ___ women. it presents with ___, which allows ___.

Back 50

postmenopausal
bleeding
early detection

Front 51

6 risk factors for endometrial ca

Back 51

obesity
DM
HTN
infertility
estrogen-secreting tumors
prolonged estrogen therapy

Front 52

3 variants of endometrial ca

Back 52

well differentiated
clear cell
papillary serous

Front 53

papillary serous ca is associated with __ mutation. prognosis is good/bad.

Back 53

p53
bad

Front 54

T/f: Leiomyosarcomas develop from leiomyomas

Back 54

false

Front 55

3 factors in grading leiomyosarcomas

Back 55

pleiomorphism
cellularity
mitoses

Front 56

carcinosarcomas are aka ___. they are associated with ___ exposure.

Back 56

malignant mixed mullerian tumors (MMT)
radiation

Front 57

carcinosarcomas can give rise to ___ (4), among others.

Back 57

fat
muscle
cartilage
osteoid

Front 58

3 tumors included in gestational trophoblastic disease

Back 58

hydatidiform mole
invasive hydatidiform mole
choriocarcinoma

Front 59

complete moles result from ___ sperm fertilizing a ___ egg. the zygote is ___ploid.

Back 59

1 or 2
DNA-less
diploid

Front 60

partial moles result from a single ___ sperm or 2 ___ sperm fertilizing a ___ egg. the zygote is therefore ___ploid.

Back 60

diploid
haploid
haploid
triploid

Front 61

___ moles have no fetal development and can lead to choriocarcionma

Back 61

complete

Front 62

in complete moles all villi are ___ and lack ___. in incomplete moles only some are.

Back 62

edematous
blood vessels

Front 63

complete moles cause ___ hCG. incomplete moles cause ___ hCG

Back 63

high
less high

Front 64

invasive moles can cause uterine ___, causing ___.

Back 64

rupture
peritoneal bleed

Front 65

most important prognostic factor for choriocarcinoma is ___

Back 65

hCG level (low is good)

Front 66

chorioca mets to ___ (2)

Back 66

brain
liver

Front 67

5 kinds of ovarian tumors

Back 67

surface epithelium
germ cell
sex cord-mesenchymal
CT-derived
secondary (mets)

Front 68

most common kind of ovarian tumor

Back 68

surface epithelium

Front 69

6 indications of low malignant potential in serous tumors

Back 69

lots of papillary projections
complex histo pattern
psammoma bodies
stratification
mild atypia
no stromal infiltration

Front 70

serous tumors present with ___ (4)

Back 70

adbominal distention
ascites
urinary, GIT pressure
hormone production

Front 71

mucinous tumors are more/less common than serous, more/less malignant

Back 71

less
less

Front 72

___ happens in extreme cases of mucinous tumors. the peritoneum is filled with ___ (3) from a mucinous tumor.

Back 72

pseudomyxoma peritonei
mucin
epithelial impants
adhesions

Front 73

endometrioid tumors are usually benign/malignant

Back 73

benign

Front 74

Brenner tumor is composed of ___. they sometimes occur in ___. they are usually benign/malignant

Back 74

transitional epithelium
mucinous cystadenomas
benign

Front 75

4 risk factors for ovarian ca

Back 75

nulliparity
gonadal dysgenesis
family history
genes

Front 76

2 genes associated with ovarian ca

Back 76

BRCA1
BRCA2

Front 77

BRCA1 is on chromosome ___
BRCA2 is on chromosome ___

Back 77

17
13

Front 78

4 kinds of germ cell tumor

Back 78

teratoma
dysgerminoma
yolk sac tumor
mixed germ cell tumor

Front 79

3 kinds of teratoma

Back 79

benign cystic
solid immature
monodermal

Front 80

benign cystic teratomas are aka ___s. they feature ___ aka ___

Back 80

dermoid cyst
mamillae
Rokitansky's protuberances

Front 81

2 kinds of monodermal teratomas

Back 81

struma ovarii
carcinoid

Front 82

struma ovarii is ___.

Back 82

mature thyroid tissue

Front 83

dysgerminoma is female counterpart to ___. they occur in the first ___ decades.

Back 83

seminoma
3

Front 84

dysgerminoma cells are ___ (2) with ___ cytoplasm. the prognosis is good if ___

Back 84

large
vesicular
clear
capsule not ruptured

Front 85

biomarker for yolk sac tumors

Back 85

aFP

Front 86

3 sex-cord stroma tumors

Back 86

granulosa-theca cell
thecoma-fibroma
sertoli-leydig cell

Front 87

granulosa cell tumors release ___ (2). the cells resemble ___. they feature ___ bodies which are ___s with 1 layer of granulosa cells surrounding a ___.

Back 87

estrogen
inhibin
coffee beans
Call-Exner
rosettes
germ cell

Front 88

thecomas are usually ___. they have __ cells with ___s.

Back 88

unilateral
plump
lipid droplet

Front 89

Meigs syndrome is ___ (3).

Back 89

ascites
hydrothorax
ovarian fibroma

Front 90

signet ring cells stain with ___

Back 90

PAS