Pathology_3 02: Obstructive And Restrictive

Front 1

95% of emphysema is ___, which is characteristic of ___.

Back 1

centriacinar
smokers

Front 2

centriacinar emphysema is in ___ lobes because ___

Back 2

upper lobes
worse perfused -> less A1AT

Front 3

panacinar emphysema is associated with ___. it occurs in ___ because ___.

Back 3

A1AT deficiency
lower lobes
better perfused -> more inflammation

Front 4

normal A1AT phenotype is ___. phenotype most common in A1AT deficiency is ___.

Back 4

PiMM
PiZZ

Front 5

all pts with PiZZ phenotype have ___, but only 10% get ___, due to ___.

Back 5

A1AT accumulated in ER
liver disease
dysfunctional degradation/autophagocytosis

Front 6

in neonates, A1AT deficiency presents with ___ (2). in adolescents it presents with ___ (2).

Back 6

hepatitis
cholestatic jaundice
hepatitis
cirrhosis

Front 7

PiZZ pts have 2-3% risk of ___

Back 7

HCC

Front 8

paraseptal emphysema occurs near ___ and at ___. in young adults it can cause ___

Back 8

pleura
lobular margins
spontaneous pneumothorax

Front 9

airspace enlargement with fibrosis is aka ___ (2). it presents with ___.

Back 9

irregular emphysema
scar emphysema
nothing-asymptomatic

Front 10

smoking causes neutrophils to release ___ (2).

Back 10

ROS
neutrophil elastase

Front 11

smoking causes release of ___ (3 cytokines)

Back 11

LTB4
IL-8
TNF

Front 12

tissue damage from ___ (2) causes macrophages to release ___ (2)

Back 12

ROS
neutrophil elastase
MQ elastase
MMPs

Front 13

clinical symptoms of emphysema begin when ___ of tissue has been damaged

Back 13

1/3

Front 14

smoking inactivates ___, e.g. ___

Back 14

anti-elastase
A1AT

Front 15

T/F: emphysema patients are poorly oxygenated

Back 15

false: well oxygenated (pink)

Front 16

4 histopath changes in chronic bronchitis

Back 16

mucus gland enlargement
goblet cell hyperplasia
squamous metaplasia
narrowing of bronchioles

Front 17

reid index is ___

Back 17

ratio of thickness of mucous gland layer to thickness of wall from BM to cartilage

Front 18

normal reid index is ___

Back 18

0.4

Front 19

T/F: chronic bronchitis pts are poorly oxygenated

Back 19

true (blue)

Front 20

6 kinds of mediators involved in asthma

Back 20

AA metabolites
ACh
HA
PAF
cytokines
chemokines

Front 21

4 AA metabolites in asthma

Back 21

LTC4
LTD4
LTE4
PGD2

Front 22

3 cytokines in asthma

Back 22

IL-1
IL-6
TNF

Front 23

asprin-sensitive asthma is associated with ___ (2)

Back 23

rhinitis
nasal polyps

Front 24

mucous plugs contain ___ (2)

Back 24

Curchmann spirals
Charcot-Leyden crystals

Front 25

Curschmann spirals are made of ___

Back 25

shed epithelium

Front 26

4 kinds of causes of bronchiectasis

Back 26

postinfectious
immune-mediated
congenital
obstructive

Front 27

postinfectious bronchiectasis is mainly after ___

Back 27

necrotizing pneumonia

Front 28

4 congenital conditions causing bronchiectasis

Back 28

CF
Kartagener
intralobar sequestration
immunodeficiency

Front 29

4 immune conditions causing bronchiectasis

Back 29

GVHD
IBD
RA
SLE

Front 30

bronchiectasis presents with ___ (4)

Back 30

cough
fever
lots o sputum
hemoptysis

Front 31

3 complications of bronchiectasis

Back 31

cor pulmonale
brain abcess
amyloidosis

Front 32

bronchiectasis involves one/both of upper/lower lobes, unless it's caused by ___

Back 32

both
lower
obstruction

Front 33

idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is characterized by repeated cycles of ___

Back 33

alveolitis

Front 34

IPF is driven by ___ (molecule)

Back 34

TGFb

Front 35

IPF mainly affects ___ lobes

Back 35

lower

Front 36

microscopic presentation of IPF is called

Back 36

usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP)

Front 37

histopath of UIP has ___ heterogeneity and ___ (4)

Back 37

temporal
type 2 pneumocyte hyperplasia
honeycomb fibrosis
fibroblastic foci
inflammation

Front 38

fibrosis in IPF is highlighted with ___ stain

Back 38

masson trichrome

Front 39

CV complication of IPF

Back 39

pulmonary HTN

Front 40

age range for IPF is ___. for nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) it's ___.

Back 40

40-70
46-55

Front 41

in contrast to IPF, NSIP has ___ fibrosis and no ___.

Back 41

diffuse
temporal heterogeneity

Front 42

BOOP is ___. it is aka ___.

Back 42

bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia
cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP)

Front 43

BOOP is always ___.

Back 43

idiopathic

Front 44

___ in alveoli is characteristic of BOOP

Back 44

fibrin

Front 45

sarcoidosis is more common in men/women
sarcoidosis is more common in whites/blacks

Back 45

women
blacks

Front 46

sarcoidosis has a dx by ___, specifically ___.

Back 46

exclusion
exclusion of TB

Front 47

cytokines involved in granuloma formation

Back 47

MIP-1alpha
IL-8
TNF

Front 48

PPD rxn in sarcoidosis

Back 48

anergy

Front 49

sarcoidosis has ___ ___gammaglobulinemia

Back 49

polyclonal
hyper

Front 50

sarcoidosis is associated with HLA ___ (2)

Back 50

A1
B8

Front 51

sarcoidosis may be triggered by ___ (2)

Back 51

mycobacteria
Rickettsia

Front 52

7 extrapulmonary sites of sarcoidosis granulomas

Back 52

spleen
liver
BM
skin
eye
salivary glands
muscle

Front 53

2 characteristic histopath findings in sarcoidosis

Back 53

asteroid bodies
Schaumann bodies

Front 54

2 smoking-related interstitial diseases

Back 54

desquamative interstitial pneumonia (DIP)
respiratory bronchiolitis-associated ILD (RB-ILD)

Front 55

DIP usually presents at age ___ with ___ (2)

Back 55

40
dyspnea
dry cough

Front 56

DIP and RB-ILD has good/bad prognosis after ___ (2)

Back 56

good
steroids
smoking cessation

Front 57

DIP histopath finding

Back 57

MQs in alveoli

Front 58

DIP and RB-ILD both have ___ male/female ratio

Back 58

2/1

Front 59

___ prevents progression to fibrosis in hypersensitivity pneumonitis

Back 59

removal of allergen

Front 60

2 drugs associated with hypersensitivity pneumonitis

Back 60

MTX
nitrofurantoin

Front 61

2 drugs associated with bronchospasm

Back 61

aspirin
beta-blockers

Front 62

2 drugs associated with pneumonitis and fibrosis

Back 62

bleomycin
amiodarone

Front 63

T/F: ARDS responds to O2 therapy

Back 63

false

Front 64

2 phases of ARDS

Back 64

acute
organizing

Front 65

acute phase of ARDS is characterized by ___ (3)

Back 65

congestion
inflammation
fibrin (hyaline membrane)

Front 66

organizing phase of ARDS is characterized by ___ (2)

Back 66

thickened alveolar septa
type 2 pneumocyte hyperplasia