Pathology_3 01: Lung Infections

Front 1

T/F: lungs may be infected via hematogneous spread

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true

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most common cause of community-acquired acute pneumonia

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S. pneumoniae

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S. pneumoniae may be cultured in ___% of pneumococcal pneumonia pts. however, some people have this bug as ___.

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20--30
endogenous flora

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a ___ is available against S. pneumoniae. it is made from ___.

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vaccine
capsular polysaccharide

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H. influenzae is gram ___.
___ form is the most common pharyngeal colonizer

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neg
unencapsulated

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H. influenzae uses ___ to adhere to epithelium. it secretes ___ to degrade ___. its capusle prevents ___.

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pili
protease
IgA
opsonization

Front 7

S. aureus causes ___ pneumonia after ___. it can cause ___ (2).

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2'
viral infection
lung abcess
empyema

Front 8

___ is the most common cause of gram neg pneumonia. it most commonly infects ___ people. ___ sputum is characteristic, because of ___.

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Klebsiella
debilitated
thick
capsular polysaccharide

Front 9

Legionella pneumophila causes ___ (2).
it may be diagnosed by immunofluorescence of ___ (2) or by ___.

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legionnaire's disease
pontiac fever
urine
sputum
culture

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Legionella may be stained with ___

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silver

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4 stages of lobar pneumonia

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congestion
red hepatization
grey hepatization
resolution

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bronchopneumonia is usually ___ (3)

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multilobar
bilateral
basal

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T/F: bacteremia is a possible complication of pneumonia

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true

Front 14

3 causes of community-acquired atypical pneumonia

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M. pneumoniae
chlamydia
viruses

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in atypical pneumonia, lung damage is primarily ___

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interstitial

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main cause of pneumonia in kids under 2

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RSV

Front 17

histopath changes in RSV

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giant cells
type 2 pneumocyte hyperplasia

Front 18

4 main causes of nosocomial pneumonia

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Klebsiella
Enterobacter
Pseudomonas
S. aureus

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aspiration pneumonia occurs in ___ pts.

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debilitated

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3 anaerobic causes of aspiration pneumonia

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bacteroides
fusobacterium
peptostreptococcus

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4 aerobic causes of aspiration pneumonia

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S. pneumoniae
S. aureus
H. influenzae
Pseudomonas

Front 22

aspiration pneumonia has a ___ clinical course and commonly causes ___.

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fulminant
lung abcesses

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neoplasia and septic emboli can both cause ___

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lung abcess

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aspiration abcesses are usually ___ (2)

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on right
solitary

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pneumonia abcesses are usually ___ (2)

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bilateral
basal

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lung abcess may present with ___ (4)

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fever
chest pain
weight loss
clubbing

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3 complications of lung abcess

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brain abcess
meningitis
2' amyloidosis

Front 28

6 causes of chronic pneumonia

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Nocardia
Actinomyces
Mycobacterium
Histoplasma
Coccidioides immitis
Blastomyces dermatiditis

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Histoplasma is a ___ parasite of ___

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intracellular
MQs

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___ of histoplasma binds to ___ of MQ

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HSP60
beta2 integrin

Front 31

T cells release ___ to activate MQs. MQs release ___ to recruit other MQs.

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IFNg
TNF

Front 32

5 causes of pneumonia in immunocompromised

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CMV
PCP
MAC
aspergillus
candida

Front 33

when CD4 cells are below 200/uL, ___ is a risk.
when CD4 cells are below 50/uL, ___ (2) is a risk

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PCP
CMV
MAC

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on CXR PCP appears as bilateral ___ (2) infiltrates radiating from ___.

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alveolar
interstitial
hilum

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CMV gains entry to cells by binding to

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EGFR

Front 36

CMV causes ___ pneumonia

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interstitial

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CMV causes ___ inclusions with ___

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intranuclear
clear halo

Front 38

aspergillus hyphae are ___ and branch at ___

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septate
45'

Front 39

3 patterns of aspergillosis

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colonization
hypersensitivity
invasion

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invasion of aspergillus occurs in ___

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immunosuppressed

Front 41

4 conditions increasing risk of TB

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chronic lung disease
alcoholism
renal failure
DM

Front 42

TB is ___th leading infectious cause of death worldwide

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2nd

Front 43

polymorphism of ___ gene is associated with rapid TB progression

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NRAMP1

Front 44

MQ killing of TB and granuloma formation is driven by ___ cells which release ___.

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CD4 TH1
IFNg

Front 45

___ is the gold standard of TB dx, but it takes ___ to do.

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culture
2 or 10 weeks

Front 46

Ghon complex is ___ inflammation with ___ involvement. it's characteristic of ___

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granulomatous
hilar LN
1' TB

Front 47

vertebral TB is aka ___

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Pott's disease