Pathology_2 10: Tubulo-Interstitial Diseases

Front 1

early tubulo-interstitial disease is characterized by ___ but not ___

Back 1

tubular dysfunction
glomerular dysfunction

Front 2

tubular dysfunction means ___ (2)

Back 2

failure to concentrate urine
failure to excrete acid

Front 3

failure to concentrate urine causes ___ (2)

Back 3

polyuria
nocturia

Front 4

failure to excrete acid causes ___

Back 4

RTA

Front 5

pregnancy is a risk factor for UTI because

Back 5

hormones facilitate bacterial adhesion to urethral epithelium

Front 6

whereas GN is caused by ___, pyelonephritis is caused by ___.

Back 6

inflammation
infection

Front 7

hydronephrosis is caused by ___. it can be caused by ___. it can be ___

Back 7

obstruction of proximal urinary tract.
pyelonephritis
asymptomatic

Front 8

3 complications of hydronephrosis

Back 8

papillary necrosis
pyonephrosis
perinephric abcess

Front 9

papillary necrosis can cause ___ in ___ (5)

Back 9

ARF
DM
obstruction
analgesic nephropathy
sickle cell anemia
renal vascular disease

Front 10

whereas acute pyelonephritis is caused by ___, chronic pyeplonephritis is caused by ___.

Back 10

infection
reflux

Front 11

2 kinds of reflux which can cause chronic pyelonnephritis

Back 11

vesico-ureteral

Front 12

reflux nephropathy means ___

Back 12

reflux with infection

Front 13

grossly, chronic pyelonephritis has ___ kidneys with ___ over ___

Back 13

small
deep surface scars
dilated, deformed calyces

Front 14

on LM chronic pyelonephritis has ___ (2) with normal ___. late in the disease ___ may develop.

Back 14

tubular atrophy
interstitial fibrosis
glomeruli
FSGS

Front 15

acute interstitial nephritis is a ___ reaction

Back 15

drug-induced hypersensitivity

Front 16

2 main kinds of drugs causing acute interstitial nephritis

Back 16

antibiotics
NSAIDs

Front 17

2 kinds of drugs which cause AIN less frequently

Back 17

diuretics
antiulcer

Front 18

AIN presents with ___ (4)

Back 18

fever
rash
eosinophiluria
sterile pyuria

Front 19

sterile pyuria means

Back 19

WBCs but no bacteria in urine

Front 20

T/F: AIN reaction is proportionate to drug dose.

Back 20

false

Front 21

analgesic nephropathy is associated with ___ (3)

Back 21

phenacetin
acetaminophen
aspirin

Front 22

acetaminophen is concentrated in ___ and is ___. aspirin adds to damage by ___.

Back 22

renal papilla
nephrotoxic
ischemia from PG depletion

Front 23

a long-term complication of analgesic nephropathy is ___

Back 23

transitional cell carcinoma

Front 24

uric acid nephropathy is managed with ___

Back 24

good hydration

Front 25

4 syndromes of NSAID-associated nephropathy

Back 25

ARF
AIN
AIN + MCD
membranous nephropathy

Front 26

4 benign renal tumors

Back 26

cortical adenoma
angiomyolipoma
juxtaglomerular cell tumor
oncocytoma

Front 27

T/F: Cortical adenomas have no clinical meaning

Back 27

true

Front 28

angiomyolipomas are associated with ___

Back 28

tuberous sclerosis

Front 29

juxtaglomerular cell tumors are rare/common and produce ___.

Back 29

rare
renin

Front 30

oncocytomas have many ___ and are ___

Back 30

mitochondria
eosinophilic

Front 31

renal cell carcinoma is aka. 6 risk factors

Back 31

hypernephroma
old age
male
von Hippel Lindau syndrome
smoking
obesity
end-stage kidney

Front 32

4 types of renal cell carcinoma in descending order of frequency

Back 32

clear cell
papillary
chromophobe
collicting duct

Front 33

cytogenetic marker for clear cell carcinoma

Back 33

3p deletion

Front 34

___ is a cytogenetic marker for papillary carcinoma. this causes amplification of ___.

Back 34

trisomy 7
MET

Front 35

___ is very rare and very aggressive.

Back 35

collecting duct carcinoma

Front 36

von Hippel Lindau causes ___ in retina and ___. it is associated with ___ RCC.

Back 36

vascular malformations
cerebellum
bilateral

Front 37

on LM, RCC cells appear ___ because of ___ (2).

Back 37

clear
fat
glycogen

Front 38

RCC tends to invade ___ such as ___. this can cause ___ in men.

Back 38

veins
IVC
varicocele

Front 39

most frequent symptom of RCC is ___.

Back 39

hematuria

Front 40

hematuria in RCC is often ___ and ___.

Back 40

microscopic
intermittent

Front 41

RCC goes to ___ (4)

Back 41

lungs
bone
brain
LNs

Front 42

Wilms tumor is a ___ tumor occurring in kids under ___.

Back 42

malignant
5

Front 43

Wilms tumor is associated with deletion of ___ on chromosome ___.

Back 43

WT1
11

Front 44

2 malformations associated with Wilms tumor

Back 44

hemihypertrophy
aniridia

Front 45

cure rate for Wilms with surgery, chemo and radiation is ___%

Back 45

90

Front 46

transitional cell carcinoma can occur in ___ or ___. it is commonly ___.

Back 46

renal pelvis
bladder
multicentric

Front 47

M:F ratio for TCC is

Back 47

3:1

Front 48

5 risk factors for TCC

Back 48

aniline dyes
smoking
analgesic nephropathy
CTX
Schistosoma hematobium

Front 49

2 markers for invasive, high grade TCC

Back 49

p53 mutation
aneuploidy

Front 50

TCC commonly presents with

Back 50

painless hematuria