Pathology_2 06: Bone

Front 1

the metaphysis is located between ___ and ___. the epiphyseal growth plates are located in ___.

Back 1

diaphysis
epiphysis
metaphysis

Front 2

the difference between osteoblasts and osteocytes

Back 2

osteoblasts are at the bone surface
ostocytes are surrounded by bone

Front 3

osteoblasts have receptors for ___ (3)

Back 3

PTH
vitamin D
estrogen

Front 4

osteoclasts are a kind of ___ cell and are descended from ___s

Back 4

giant
monocyte

Front 5

whereas osteoblasts ___ bone, osteocytes ___ it.

Back 5

build
maintain

Front 6

osteoblasts produce ___, especially ___.

Back 6

protein components of bone
collagen 1

Front 7

woven bone is ___

Back 7

nonmineralized

Front 8

3 phases of Paget's disease of bone

Back 8

osteolytic
mixed
osteosclerotic

Front 9

___ is implicated in triggering PDB

Back 9

paramyxovirus

Front 10

PDB most commonly affects

Back 10

axial skeleton
proximal femur

Front 11

on xray, PDB shows ___ and ___ areas

Back 11

sclerotic (radioopaque)
lytic (radiolucent)

Front 12

on LM, PDB is visible as ___ with ___.
___ cells and ___ are also present

Back 12

mosaic bone
non-parallel lines of mineralization
inflammatory
hypervascularity

Front 13

PDB commonly presents with ___ (2)

Back 13

pain
fractures

Front 14

2 severe complications of PDB

Back 14

RHF
sarcoma

Front 15

PDB is treated with ___ (2). ___ is rarely needed

Back 15

calcitonin
bisphosphonates
surgery

Front 16

avascular necrosis of bone is ___

Back 16

bone infarction

Front 17

in medullary necrosis, ___ is preserved, because of ___
___ is an effect of subchondral epiphyseal necrosis

Back 17

cortical bone
collateral blood supply
osteoarthritis

Front 18

osteomyelitis is usually caused by ___. in genitourinary infections or IVDA it can be caused by ___

Back 18

S. aureus
E. coli
Pseudomonas
Klebsiella

Front 19

in neonates osteomyelitis can be caused by ___ (2)

Back 19

Hib
group B strep

Front 20

in children osteomyelitis is usually in ___ (2)
in adults it's usually in ___ (2)

Back 20

metaphysis
epiphysis
epiphysis
vertebra

Front 21

in children but rarely in adults osteomyelitis can cause ___

Back 21

septic arthritis

Front 22

necrotic bone area in osteomyelitis is called ___
new bone formed over it is called ___

Back 22

sequestrum
involucrum

Front 23

osteomyelitis in jaw is called

Back 23

osteomyelitis of Garre

Front 24

5 complications of chronic osteomyelitis

Back 24

amyloidosis
pathologic fracture
endocarditis
squamous cell carcinoma
sarcoma

Front 25

on LM, ___ will be extensive in acute osteomyelitis but reduced in chronic. ___ is also present

Back 25

inflammatory infiltrate
reactive bone formation

Front 26

tuberculous osteomyelitis is more/less destructive the pyogennic

Back 26

more

Front 27

Pott's disease is

Back 27

tuberculous osteomyelitis of vertebra

Front 28

3 complications of tuberculous osteomyelitis

Back 28

TB arthritis
amyloidosis
sinus tract formation

Front 29

7 adult cancers that go to bone

Back 29

prostate
breast
kidney
lung
thyroid
colon
melanoma

Front 30

3 childhood cancers that go to bone

Back 30

neuroblastoma
rhabdomyosarcoma
retinoblastoma

Front 31

4 pure lytic metastases

Back 31

kidney
lung
colon
melanoma

Front 32

2 pure blastic metastases

Back 32

prostate
breast

Front 33

most common appearance of bone metastasis is ___

Back 33

mixed lytic and blastic

Front 34

most primary bone tumors are ___

Back 34

benign

Front 35

3 most common malignant bone tumors in descending order of frequency

Back 35

osteosarcoma
chondrosarcoma
Ewing sarcoma

Front 36

___ (2) are tumors of children
over 40 yo, ___ (2) are most common primary bone tumors

Back 36

osteosarcoma
Ewing sarcoma
metastases
chondrosarcoma

Front 37

benign lesions are usually ___

Back 37

asymptomatic

Front 38

___ is best for staging of tumor

Back 38

MRI

Front 39

osteomas are ___ tumors of high/low significance found primarily in ___. they may require ___ in case of ___ (2)

Back 39

benign
low
skull
resection
cosmetic problems
impinging on nerve or eye

Front 40

osteoid-osteoma and osteoblastoma differ only in ___

Back 40

size

Front 41

osteoid-osteoma is ___ in diameter. 75% of patients are below ___ y.o.

Back 41

<2 cm
25

Front 42

osteoblastomas are larger/smaller that osteoid-osteomas
both produce ___ lesions called ___.

Back 42

larger
lytic
nidi

Front 43

osteoid-osteomas commonly involve __ (2)

Back 43

femur
tibia

Front 44

osteoblastoma is commonly in ___

Back 44

spine

Front 45

osteoid-osteoma and osteoblastoma are treated with ___

Back 45

surgery

Front 46

osteosarcoma is commonly located in ___ (4)

Back 46

distal femur
proximal tibia
proximal humerus
proximal fermur

Front 47

2 important mutations for osteosarcoma

Back 47

Rb
p53

Front 48

___ mutations are important for hereditary osteosarcoma, ___ for sporadic.

Back 48

Rb
p53

Front 49

most common osteosarcoma

Back 49

intramedullary high grade primary

Front 50

osteosarcoma commonly goes to

Back 50

lung

Front 51

a chondroma is called ___ if it's inside bone

Back 51

enchondroma

Front 52

chondromas are most commonly in ___ (2)

Back 52

metacarpals
phalanges

Front 53

treatment for chondromas

Back 53

excision

Front 54

chondromas are benign/malignant

Back 54

benign

Front 55

on LM chondroma resembles ___

Back 55

normal cartilage

Front 56

chondrosarcomas have both ___ and ___ areas

Back 56

lytic
blastic

Front 57

chondrosarcomas > ___ cm behave ___

Back 57

10
aggressively

Front 58

chondrosarcoma may be hard to distinguish from ___

Back 58

enchondroma

Front 59

treatment for chondrosarcoma is ___. the tumor is resistant to ___.

Back 59

excision
chemotherapy

Front 60

giant cell tumors are in ___ (2) of bone

Back 60

epiphysis
metaphysis

Front 61

age range for giant cell tumor

Back 61

20s--40s

Front 62

giant cell tumor can go to ___

Back 62

lungs