Pathology Thorax And Abdomen

Front 1

A rare cyst of the gastrointestinal tract (congenital cystic malformation) that most frequently occur in the small intestine, particularly the ileum and esophagus, but can occur anywhere along the gastrointestinal tract (from the mouth to the anus).

Back 1

Enteric duplication cysts (Duplication Cysts)

Front 2

A benign or malignant encapsulated tumor, especially of the gonads, that consists of different types of tissue such as skin, hair, or muscle.

Back 2

Teratoma

Front 3

Starting with or having to do with the nerves or the nervous system.

Back 3

Neurogenic

Front 4

Neurogenic tumors are commonly found where?

Back 4

the mediastinum, especially in the posterior mediastinum or in the chest wall.

Front 5

A lung tumor (a tumor of the pulmonary apex )that rarely causes any symptoms.

Back 5

Pancoast tumors
(pulmonary sulcus tumor or superior sulcus tumor)

Front 6

Pancoast tumors are tumors that form in what part of the body?

Back 6

at the extreme apex (very top) of either the right or left lung in the superior sulcus (a shallow furrow on the surface of the lung).

Front 7

What type of tumors are a subset of lung cancers that invade the top of the chest wall.

Back 7

Pancoast tumors - also called-
(pulmonary sulcus tumor
or superior sulcus tumor)

Front 8

a blood vessel that is normally present in a fetus and has special tissue in its wall that causes it to close in the first hours or days of life.

Back 8

The “ductus arteriosus”

Front 9

What occurs most commonly in a short segment of the aorta just beyond where the arteries to the head and arms take off, as the aorta arches inferiorly toward the abdomen and legs.

Back 9

Coarctation

Front 10

What is a narrowing of the aorta, the main blood vessel carrying oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle of the heart to all of the organs of the body.

Back 10

Coarctation of the aorta

Front 11

a condition in which a portion of heart muscle (myocardium) becomes thick (hypertrophied ) without any obvious cause.

Back 11

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)

Front 12

any disease process (damage to or a defect in) involving one or more of the valves of the heart .

Back 12

Valvular heart disease

Front 13

the aortic and mitral valves are on which side of the heart?

Back 13

LEFT SIDE

Front 14

the pulmonary and tricuspid valves are on which side of the heart?

Back 14

RIGHT SIDE

Front 15

Valvular heart disease problems may be : 1._________
2._________

Back 15

Anaswer ;
1.congenital (inborn)
2.acquired (due to another cause later in life).

Front 16

an opening in the ventricular septum, or dividing wall between the two lower chambers of the heart known as the right and left ventricles.

Back 16

Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD),

Also called a hole in the heart, is a common heart defect.

Front 17

Is Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD),
congenital (inborn) or acquired (due to another cause later in life).

Back 17

Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD), is a congenital, (present at birth), defect.

Front 18

a form of congenital heart defect that enables blood flow between the left and right atria via the interatrial septum.

Back 18

Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)

Front 19

The tissue that divides the right and left atria.

Back 19

interatrial septum

Front 20

a combination of four congenital abnormalities is known as..?

Back 20

Tetralogy of fallot

Front 21

Tetralogy of Fallot is a combination of four congenital abnormalities.
The four defects are;

Back 21

a ventricular septal defect (VSD) pulmonary stenosis
a misplaced aorta and
a thickened right ventricular wall (right ventricular hypertrophy).

Front 22

Breast pathology's;
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. .

Back 22

Dysplasia
Cysts
Benign tumor
Inflammatory conditions
Carcinomas
Post surgery or radiation
Implant rupture

Front 23

a general term for the abnormal growth or development of cells or organs.

Back 23

Dysplasia
Dysplasia simply means the changed structure of tissue.

Front 24

a benign condition which becomes apparent as hardening around the edges of the breast, often occurring in both breasts
simultaneously.

Back 24

Breast Dysplasia

Front 25

fluid-filled sacs (one or many) within breast. They're often described as round or oval lumps with distinct edges. In texture, they usually feels like a soft grape or a water-filled balloon, but sometimes they feels firm.

Back 25

Breast cysts

Front 26

Breast cysts form when ?
Breast cysts range in size from _____ to __________.

Back 26

(A)normal milk glands in the breast get bigger.
(B) B1/ smaller than a pea, to
B2/ larger than a ping pong ball.

Front 27

Which type of cancer cells block the lymphatic vessels in the skin of the breast and cause a blockage in lymph flow ...

Back 27

Inflammatory breast cancer -
an accelerated form of breast cancer that is usually not detected by mammogram or ultrasound. but does lead to a reddened, inflamed appearance to the breast.

Front 28

Cancers originating from the inner lining of milk ducts are known as !. __________
Cancers originating from lobules are
known as 2. _________

Back 28

1.ductal carcinomas
2.lobular carcinomas

Front 29

Breast cancer is a malignant tumor that starts from cells of the breast. A malignant tumor is a group of cancer cells that may do what?

Back 29

grow into (invade) surrounding tissues or spread (metastasize) to distant areas of the body.

Front 30

the formation of scar tissue in the breast is The major problem associated with ..?

Back 30

ruptured Silicone gel breast implants (SGBIs)

Front 31

Abdomen Pathology's ;

Back 31

Liver
Hemangioma
Cysts
Abscesses
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Hepatic metastases
Venous thrombosis
Hemochromatosis
Transplant

Front 32

a noncancerous liver tumor made of widened (dilated) blood vessels.

Back 32

A hepatic hemangioma

Front 33

Liver hemangioma is sometimes called

Back 33

hepatic hemangioma or cavernous hemangioma.

Front 34

A liver hemangioma is made up of

Back 34

a tangle of blood vessels.

Front 35

a primary malignancy (cancer) of the liver. Most cases of this are secondary to either a viral hepatitide infection (hepatitis B or C) or cirrhosis (alcoholism being the most common cause of hepatic cirrhosis).

Back 35

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), also called malignant hepatoma) .

Front 36

cancer that has spread to the liver from somewhere else in the body.

Back 36

Liver metastases (or)
Hepatic metastases (HM)

Front 37

a sudden blockage of a blood vessel, usually with a clot. It differs from thrombosis in that it can be used to describe any form of blockage, not just one formed by a clot. When it occurs in a major vein, it can, in some cases, cause deep vein thrombosis.

Back 37

Vascular occlusion

Front 38

This is caused by occlusion of the hepatic veins.

Back 38

Budd–Chiari syndrome

Front 39

disorder that results in too much iron being absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.

Back 39

Haemochromatosis

Front 40

an iron overload disorder characterized by a progressive increase in total body iron stores and deposition of iron in body organs resulting in some dysfunction.

Back 40

Haemochromatosis

Front 41

A kidney disorder passed down through families in which multiple cysts form on the kidneys causing them to become enlarged.

Back 41

POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY DISEASE.

Front 42

CANCEROUS cells are found in the lining of very small tubes,(tubules) in the kidney.

Back 42

Renal cell carcinoma

Front 43

cancer that usually occurs in the urinary system-and - Is the most common type of bladder, ureter urethra and urachus cancer and 2nd most common type of kidney cancer.

Back 43

Transitional cell carcinoma

Front 44

arises from the transitional epithelium, (A tissue lining the inner surface urinary system organs)

Back 44

Transitional cell carcinoma

Front 45

the most common malignant tumor of t5he kidneys in children.

Back 45

Wilms Tumor

Front 46

Wilms tumor is also known as ..

Back 46

Nephroblastoma.

Front 47

adrenal masses (AMs) are often discovered during an unrelated imaging procedure and them are termed what?

Back 47

Adrenal Incidentalomas (IAs)

Front 48

a common benign tumor arising from the cortex of the adrenal gland.

Back 48

adrenal cortical adenoma

Front 49

rare tumor of adrenal gland tissue resulting in the release of too much epinephrine and norepinephrine.

Back 49

Pheochromocytoma (PCC)

Front 50

a neuroendocrine tumor of the medulla of the adrenal glands.

Back 50

Pheochromocytoma (PCC)

Front 51

a collection of tissue, fluid, debris, pancreatic enzymes, and blood in the abdomen. It can develop after acute pancreatitis.

Back 51

Pancreatic Pseudocyst

Front 52

an inherited disease of your secretory glands, including the glands that make mucus and sweat.
"Inherited" means that the disease is passed through the genes from parents to children

Back 52

Cystic Fibrosis

Front 53

People who have this inherit two faulty genes—one from each parent. The parents likely don't have the disease themselves.
this disease mostly affects the lungs, pancreas, liver, intestines, sinuses, and sex organs.

Back 53

Cystic fibrosis (CF)

Front 54

Most commonly caused by alcohol abuse and gallstones
For reasons not yet fully understood, there is a release of activated pancreatic enzymes into the pancreas and surrounding tissues which causes tissue destruction.

Back 54

pancreatitis

Front 55

a cancer of an epithelium that originates in glandular tissue. Epithelial tissue includes, but is not limited to, the surface layer of skin, glands and a variety of other tissue that lines the cavities and organs of the body.

Back 55

Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma