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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the most important thing to know about a patient?
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history
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What does a screening test lead to?
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hypothesis
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What does the first set of test tell us?
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is disease present or possible?
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What does the second set of tests tell us?
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a more definitive test; determines what disease is and makes sure you get it right
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What are some types of tests?
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history, physical exam, imaging, physiological, clincial laboratory and anatomic pathology
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What is the definition of an analytical characteristic of a medical test?
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intrinsic to the performance of the test; doing the test
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What is a clinical use characteristic of a medical test?
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using the test to diagnosis or moitor disease or clinical abnormalities; interpreting the test result
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What are reference ranges?
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sampling 95% of a normal pop. and outside range can be determined "abnormal"
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What are some characteristics of reference ranges?
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specific to laboratory, gender and age
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What is the problem with multiphasic testing?
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increases the likelihood of an abnormal result
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What are some examples of preanalytical error?
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specimen requirements, patient conditions, biological variability
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Are clinical laboratory measurements precise or accurate?
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highly precise (reproducible) but not accurate because there is no known absolute standard
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What is the most important information about any medical test?
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the cumulative body of scientific data and information regarding its use in expermential settings
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What is a true negative?
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records negative result when there is no disease
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What is a false negative?
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records a negative result when there is in fact disease
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What is a true positive?
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records a positive test when there is disease
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What is a false positive?
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records a positive result when there is no disease
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What is sensitivity
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a measure of test efficiency in detecting a specific disease
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What is specificity?
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a measure of test efficiency at indicating the absence of a specific disease
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What test would be used to confirm a diagnosis?
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highly specific
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How do you achieve 100% specificity?
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raise the upper limits of the reference range
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What happens when the upper limits of a reference range are lowered?
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more sensitive test...also leads to more FP
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What does Bayes theorem predict?
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the more prevalent an event is, the more likely it is due to a casual agent or specific condition in the population
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