Pathology Test #1

Front 1

Pathology

Back 1

Study of disease in a systemic approach

Front 2

General Pathology

Back 2

Study of the disease itself (theory,principles)

Front 3

Clinical Pathology

Back 3

Study of disease of a patient (sign and symptoms)

Front 4

homeostasis

Back 4

all cells, tissues, organs maintain equilibrium

Front 5

Aetiology

Back 5

Study of the causes of disease

Front 6

Cytology

Back 6

Study of cells and their function

Front 7

Histology

Back 7

Study of structural changes of the tissues of the body by microscopic exaination

Front 8

Bacteriology

Back 8

Study of bacteria in relation to the cause of disease

Front 9

Virology

Back 9

Study of viruses and virus-like agents

Front 10

Biochemistry

Back 10

Study of the chemical changes in the fluids of the body

Front 11

What are the 4 causes of disease?

Back 11

Various contributory causes ex.diet

Exciting causes ex. anger

Specific causes ex.infection

Predisposing causes ex. hereditary

Front 12

What is an acute disease?

Back 12

temporary short acting nature. infections. definite onset with an ending ex. common cold

Front 13

What is a chronic disease?

Back 13

less permanent nature, no definite onset or course or end. ex. arthritis

Front 14

What is terminal?

Back 14

A disease that will end in death

Front 15

What are the 10 classifications on disease?

Back 15

constitutional, systemic,histopathic, biochemic, allergic, deficiency, occupational, accidental, infections, worms/parasites

Front 16

What is an infection?

Back 16

invasion of the body by pathogenic organisms which multiply and cause disease by producing toxins

Front 17

What is an infectious disease?

Back 17

A disease causes by a micro-organism or virus

Front 18

What is a contagious disease?

Back 18

when an infectious disease is transmitted from one person to another

Front 19

What are the types of infections? (6)

Back 19

Primary Infection, Secondary Infection, Mixed Infection, Local infection, Focal Infection, Systematic Infection

Front 20

What is Primary infection?

Back 20

first disease which becomes apparent

Front 21

what is secondary infection?

Back 21

when the body's resistance to infection has been lowered by the primary infection

Front 22

what is Mixed infection?

Back 22

when the disease is causes by two or more organisms

Front 23

what is local infection?

Back 23

disease in confined to one area of the body

Front 24

what is focal infection?

Back 24

when organisms in one area serve as a source of dissemination to other parts of the body

Front 25

what is a systematic infection?

Back 25

general invasion of the entire body through the bloodstream

Front 26

Contagious diseases are classified as: (2)

Back 26

Communicable diseases (human to human) & Non-communicable diseases ( animal bites, feces contaminated water, fecal contamination in soil)

Front 27

What is immunity?

Back 27

the ability of the body to defend itself against infectious agents,foreign cells, and abnormal body cells

Front 28

Immunity is broadly categorized between? (2)

Back 28

Natural and aquired

Front 29

What is natural immunity?

Back 29

not specific to a particular disease and does not require prior exposure to the pathogenic agent

Front 30

What is an acquired immunity?

Back 30

body's response to a specific pathogen

Front 31

What is humoral immunity?

Back 31

Production of B lymphocytes (B cells, produces antibody, produce an antigen, either targets the foreign substance for phagocytes or prevents the infectious agent from damaging healthy cells

Front 32

What is cellular immunity?

Back 32

production of T cells and natural killer cells

these defense cells are cytotoxic

they physically attack and destroy pathogenic cells

Front 33

What are antigens?

Back 33

Are chemical substances which stimulate the production of specific antibodies

Front 34

What are antibodies?

Back 34

Formed in the body in response to the presence of antigens with which it combines in a specific antagonistic manner. These antibodies are closely associated and may be identical with serum globulin.

Front 35

Diseases may be studied under the following: (5)

Back 35

Inflammation, Exudation and suppuration, Necrosis and gangrene, Circulatory and blood disorders, Degeneration

Front 36

Inflammation can be caused by: (6)

Back 36

chemical agents, trauma, foreign substances, physical agents (radiation), microorganisms, allergens

Front 37

What is chemotaxis?

Back 37

attracting WBC to the site of inflammation

Front 38

What is Pyogenic bacteria?

Back 38

Promoting pus formation

Front 39

What is exudation?

Back 39

any kind of discharge during inflammation of tissues

Front 40

What is Suppuration?

Back 40

when infection results in formation of pus

Front 41

What is Necrosis? what is it caused by

Back 41

premature death of cells and living tissue. and is caused by factors external to the cell or tissue (infection, toxins, trauma)

Front 42

Necrosis is almost always....and can be...

Back 42

detrimental....fatal

Front 43

What is gangrene?

Back 43

Serious and potentially life-threatening condition that arises when a considerable mass of body tissue dies

Front 44

When does gangrene occur?

Back 44

after an injury or infection or in people suffering from chronic health problems affection blood circulation

Front 45

what is the primary cause of gangrene?

Back 45

reduced blood supply to the affected tissues which results in cell death