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101 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Pouch or sac like opening in the bowel?
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Traction Diverticulum
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Usually in terminal ileum, chronic inflammatory bowel disorder most common in young adults?
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Crohn's Disease
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Open tract between the esophagus and the trachea, usually found in newborns and radiation therapy patients.
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Tracheosophageal Fistula
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Dilated veins in the esophagus
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Esophageal Varices
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A portion of the stomach pushes through the esophageal hiatus
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Hiatal Hernia
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inflammation of the mucosa of the stomach
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Gastritis
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crater in the epithelium of the duodenum
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Duodenal Ulcer
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erosion of the stomach epithelium
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Gastric Ulcer
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cancer of the stomach
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Gastric carcinoma
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obstructed bowel, adynamic, paralitic, volvulus, and intussusception.
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small bowel obstruction
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telescoping of one part of the intestinal tract
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intussusception
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inflammatory bowel disease often seen in young adults. Unknown cause. Involves only mucosal layer of colon.
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Ulcerative Colitis
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large number or out-pouching in weakened area of bowels
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Diverticulosis
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cancer of the rectum. Applecore, napkinring
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carcinoma of colon
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Gallstones
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Calculi in the Gallbladder
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accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity
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Ascites
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Free air in the peritoneal cavity
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pneumoperitoneum
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difference in tissue between tissue and organs?
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subject contrast
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Creatinine and BUN levels?
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Creatinine- .6-1.5
BUN- 8-25 |
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kidney stones
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Nephrolithiasis
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Kidney drops more than 5cm from supine to AP
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Nephroptosis
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Urine in blood
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Uremia
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What is ureterolithiasis?
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stone in ureter
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What is Hydronephrosis?
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obstruction of kidney
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What is Ureterostenosis?
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narrowing of ureter
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What is nephritis?
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inflammation of kidney
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What is urinary retention?
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retain urine
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What is UTI?
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Urinary Tract Infection
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What is Renal Hypertension?
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Hyertension due to renal disease
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What is VCUG?
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Voiding Cystourethrogram
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What is lithotripsy?
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using energy waves to break down stones
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What is nephrectomy
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surgical removal of kidney
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How much urine is produced a day?
It is a waste product of what? |
1 to 2 liters
metabolism |
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The 2 ureters convey urine from where to where?
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kidneys to bladder
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Ther Urethra conveys urine from where to where?
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urinary bladder to the exterior
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____________ are above and upon the kidney and are part of the endocrine system.
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Adrenals
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What is renal parenchyma?
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functional part of kidney (nephrons 1.25-1.5 million in kidney)
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What is glomerualr filtrate?
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Filtrate removed by glomerulus in bowman's capsule.
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What percent of the filtrate becomes urine?
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less than 1%
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An increased level of nitrogenous waste such as urea and creatinine can cause the patient to suffer from?
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Uremia
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Medullary substance of the kidney is formed by what?
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renal pyramid
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Minor calyx gather to form?
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Major
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The microscopic portion of the renal parenchyma is the?
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Nephron
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Trigone is a portion of the?
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bladder
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Where are the UP junctions?
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renal pelvis becomes ureter
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Where are the UV junctions?
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where ureter becomes bladder
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Where are the 3 common places for renal stones to stop?
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UP, UV, Pelvic Brim
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Why do you do 30 degree oblique kidneys?
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kidneys 30 degrees to coronal plane
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With the patient in a 30 degree RPO which kidney is parallel to the IR?
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Left
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The kidneys normally extend from the level of _______ to _______.
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T-12, L-3
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If it is a hyperstehnic patient where will the kidneys be? Astehnic?
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Higher, lower
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The right kidney is higher or lower than the left? Why?
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lower, the liver
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the kidney moves about how much with respiration?
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2.5 cm/ inch
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From recumbent to erect the kidneys should move no more than how many inches? Anymore than this is considered what?
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5 inches, Nephroptosis
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A renal column is what portion of the cortex?
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cortex between pyramids
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Are the ureters within or outside of the peritoneum?
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retroperitoneal
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The adult bladder can hold how much fluid?
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500 ml
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the desire for micturition occurs when how much urine is in the bladder?
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250 ml
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Where does the ureters enter the bladder? Where does the Urethra exit the bladder?
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trigone, trigone
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The male urethra passes through the __________ glande which is portion of the reproductive system.
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prostate
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What is antegrade filling in a normal exam?
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normal flow
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What is retrograde filling in a urinary exam?
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against the flow
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What is an IVU/XU?
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Intravenous Urogram/ Excretory Urogram
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Is an IVU a functional exam?
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yes
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Would any retrograde urography be considered a functional exam?
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no
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Why use ureteral compression?
When should it not be used? |
Keep contrast in kidney
if there is a stone or colostomy |
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Why do an upright post void?
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nephroptosis, retention, fallen trigone
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The greatest concentration of contrast media in the kidney occurs when?
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Between 15 minutes and 20 minutes
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what can acute vascular injury result in?
What do they mean? |
Anoxia and Hypoxia
Anoxia- lack of oxygen Hypoxia- Iadequate oxygen at the cellular level |
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A mass of coagulated blood or a clot
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Thrombosis
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any obstruction of a blood vessel by any means?
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Embolus
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Progressive wasting away of any body part?
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Chronic Injury/Atrophy
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What causes acromegaly?
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Pituitary Adenoma
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What can achondroplasias and dyschondroplaisas cause?
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Dwarfism
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increase in number of cells that can lead to a neoplasm?
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Hyperplaisa
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Palmar means?
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Volar
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What is plantar?
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Sole of foot
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What does dorsum pedis mean?
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top of foot
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What does the bony throax contain?
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T-Spine, Ribs, Sternum
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What are the divisions of the respiratory system?
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pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Brocnhi
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What are the divisions of the pharynx?
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nasopharynx, oropharynx, Larynopharynx
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What keeps food from going into the larynx?
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epiglottis, vocal cords
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Where does the trachea go from (vertebrae)?
Where does it bifurcate at? |
C6-T4 T5
Carina |
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The rt lung has how many lobes?
Lt |
3, 2
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Larynx is in the anterior or posterior neck?
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Anterior
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The Larynx is suspended by what bone?
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Hyoid
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The trachea is anterior or posterior to the esophagus?
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Anterior
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What are subtractive diseases?
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Early lung abcess, emphysema, pnemothorax
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The bifurcation of the trachea is at what level?
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T4-T5
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The lungs are covered by the serous membrane called?
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visceral pleura
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anything that enters or exits in a pt or depression?
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hilus
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primary muscle of respiration
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diaphragm
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The esophagus is anterior or posterior to the desending aorta?
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anterior
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The manubrium is at what level?
The body of the sternum forms the sternal angle at what level? The xiphoid is at what level? |
T2/T3
T4/T5 T/10 |
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The SC Joint is at what level?
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T2-T3
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The anterior end of the rib is called what portion?
The posterior end of the rib is called what portion? |
Sternal
Vertebral |
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All ribs have costocartilage except which ones?
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11th and 12th
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The space between the ribs is termed what?
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intercostal space
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The joint between the rib head and the spine is what?
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Costovertebral joint
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There are how many pairs of costovertebral?
Costotransverse? |
12
10 |
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The first 7 ribs are termed what?
8, 9, 10? 11, 12? |
true or vertebrosternal
Vertebrochondral or false Floating or false |