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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Cystic Fibrosis
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A hereditary disease characterized by the secretion of excessively viscous mucus by all the exocrine glands; it is caused by a defective gene in the middle of chromosome 7.
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What is Hyaline Membrane Disease (IRDS)
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is one of the most common causes of respiratory distress in the newborn. It primarily occurs in premature infants, especially those who have diabetic mothers or who have been delivered by cesarean section.
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What is surfactant
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The progressive underaeration of the lungs in hyaline membrane disease results from a lack of surfactant and immature lungs. Surfactant consists of a mixture of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates that creates a high surface tension requiring less force to inflate and maintain the alveoli.
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What is croup
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primarily a viral infection of young children that produces inflammatory obstructive swelling localized to the subglottic portion of the trachea.
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What is Pneumonia?
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in inflammation of the lung that can be caused by a variety of organisms, most commonly bacteria and viruses.
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What is Bronchopneumonia?
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Typified by staphylococcal infection is primarily an inflammation that originates in the bronchi or the bronchiolar mucosa and spreads to adjacent alveoli.
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What is Aspiration Pneumonia?
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The aspiration of esophageal or gastric contents into the lung can lead to the development of pneumonia.
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what is Lung Abscess?
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A lung abscess is a necrotic area of pulmonary parenchyma containing purulent (puslike) material. A
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What is Tuberculosis?
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Is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a rod-shaped bacterium with a protective waxy coat that permits it to live outside the body for a long time.
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What is Pulmonary Mycosis?
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Fungal infection of the lung.
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What is Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)?
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Attacks the lower respiratory tract and causes necrosis of the respiratory epithelium of the bronchi and bronchioles, which leads to bronchiolitis.
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What is Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
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Includes several conditions in which chronic obstruction of the airways leads to an ineffective exchange of respiratory gases and makes breathing difficult.
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What is Emphysema?
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A crippling and debilitating condition in which obstructive and destructive changes in small airways lead to a dramatic increase in the volume of air in the lungs.
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What is Asthma?
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Very common disease in which widespread narrowing of the of the airways develops because of an increased responsiveness of the tracheobronchial three to various stimuli (allergens).
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What is Chronic Bronchitis?
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Chronic inflammation of the bronchi leads to severe coughing with the production of sputum. Bronchitis may be complication of respiratory infection or the result of long-term exposure to air pollution or cigarette smoking.
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What is bronchiectasis?
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Permanent abnormal dilation of one or more large bronchi as a result of destruction of the elastic and muscular components of the bronchial wall.
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What is pneumoconiosis?
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Prolonged occupational exposure to certain irritating particulates can cause severe pulmonary disease and a spectrum of radiographic findings. Inhaled foreign substances retained permanently in the acini cause irreversible damage.
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What is silicosis?
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The most common and best know work-related lung disease. The inhalation of high concentration of silicon dioxide primarily affects workers engaged in mining, foundry worker, and sandblasting.
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What is asbestosis?
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Develop in improperly protected workers engaged in manufacturing asbestos products, in handling building materials, or in working with insulation composed of asbestos.
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What is anthroacosis?
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Coal minners, especially those working with anthracite (hard coal), have increased susceptibility to developing pneumoconiosis by inhaling high concentrations of coal dust
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What is Pulmonary Embolisma?
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A potentially fatal condition is by far the most common pathologic process involving the lungs of hospitalized patients. In about 80% of patients with this disorder, the condition does not cause symptoms and thus remains unrecognized because the emboli are too small or too few to occlude blood flow to a substantial portion of the lung.
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What is atelectrasis?
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A condition in which there is diminished air within the lung associated with the reduced lung volume.
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What is Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)?
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A clinical picture of severe, unexpected, and life-threatening acute respiratory distress that develops in patients who have a variety of medical and surgical disorders but no major underlying lung disease.
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What is Subcutaneous?
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Caused by penetrating or blunt injuries that disrupt the lung and parietal pleura and force air into the tissues of the chest wall.
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What is the Pneumothroax?
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The presence of air in the pleural cavity, results in a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
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What is Pleural Effusion?
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The accumulation of fluid in the pleural space is a non-specific finding that may be caused by a wide variety of pathologic processes.
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What is empyema?
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The presence of infected liquid or frank pus in the pleural space.
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What is Influenza?
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a viral infection of the respiratory tract; “the flu”
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What is Anoxia?
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A lack of oxygen in a tissue.
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What is Hypoxia
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A low oxygen concentration in a tissue.
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What is epistaxis?
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A nosebleed.
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What is tracheostomy?
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The insertion of a tube directly into the trachea to bypass a blocked or damaged larynx.
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What is dyspenea?
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Difficult or labored breathing.
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What is hypercapnia?
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An abnormally low level of carbon dioxide in the blood.
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What is Carbon Monoxide Poisoning?
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A toxic gas, but being colorless, ororless, tasteless, and non-irritating, it is very diffiult for people to detect.
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What is Hyperventilation?
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A rate of respiration sufficient to reduce plasma Pco2 to levels below normal.
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What is SIDS?
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Also known as Sudden infant death syndrome and as crib death, kills an estimated 2500 infants each year in the US. Eyewitness accounts indicate that the sleeping infant between the ages of 2 to 4 months suddenly stops breathing, turns blue, and relaxes. Genetic factors appear to be involved, but controversy remains as to the relative importance of other factors.
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What is pleurisy?
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Inflammation of the pleurae and secretion of excess amounts of pleural fluid.
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