Pathology Terms

Front 1

Fibrosis

Back 1

The healing process that results after persistent tissue damage.

Front 2

Labile cells

Back 2

Renewing cells, that can proliferate rapidly.

Ex. epithelium of skin/gut, and bone marrow

Front 3

Stable cells

Back 3

Cells that are capable of regeneration, but only do so when necessary

Ex. Fibroblasts, endothelial cells, bone, cartilage, liver, kidney, exocrine pancreatic acini

Front 4

Permanent cells

Back 4

Cells that cannot proliferate/regenerate after a certain stage in development

Ex. Myocardiocytes & neurons

Front 5

Granulation Tissue

Back 5

Healing process that includes fibroblasts and connective tissue bridging the gap created by the wound. Also includes angiogenesis, where the blood vessels run perpendicular (toward the surface) to the connective tissue.

Front 6

First Intention Healing

Back 6

When the damage is clean cut, with minimal infection and foreign bodies, the healing process is by primary union.

1. Scab formation & neutrophil infiltration

2. Basal layer proliferation & granulation tissue

3. Fibrous union between sides and remodeling

Front 7

Secondary Intention Healing

Back 7

Result of a less-than-perfect wound healing. Usually due to delayed healing, due to necrotic debris, foreign material, infection, or excessive granulation tissue.

1. Blood clot & acute inflammation

2. Granulation tissue, scab, and basal layer proliferation

3. Scab is shed & granulation tissue brings sides together.

4. Puckering of healed wound and/or depressed scar.

Front 8

Anisocytosis

Back 8

Varying cell size

Front 9

Anisokaryosis

Back 9

Varying nuclear size

Front 10

Pleomorphism

Back 10

Abnormal cell shape

Front 11

Hamartoma

Back 11

Disorganized mature tissue in a normal anatomic location. They are enlargements but typically not malignant.

Front 12

Choristoma

Back 12

Normal mature tissue at an abnormal site

Ex. Dermoid

Front 13

Benign

Back 13

Unlikely to cause harm. Often slow growing and can compress (but not invade) surrounding tissue.

Well demarcated with recognizable cell types.

Front 14

Malignant

Back 14

Likely to cause harm. Often rapid growth and invasive qualities. Acquire their own blood supply.

Poorly demarcated and can contain hemorrhage and necrosis.

Front 15

Carcinoma

Back 15

Malignant neoplasm of epithelial origin

Front 16

Sarcoma

Back 16

Malignant neoplasm of mesenchymal origin

Front 17

Metastasis

Back 17

Spread of neoplasm to secondary sites

Front 18

Round Cell Neoplasm

Back 18

Distinct circular cells histologically.

Ex. lymphoma, mast cell tumor, plasma cell tumor

Front 19

Epithelial Neoplasm

Back 19

Neoplasm arising from organ cells

Ex. liver, kidney, pancreas, skin

Front 20

Papilloma

Back 20

Exophitic growth from cutaneous or mucocutaneous surface

Front 21

Polyp

Back 21

Growth projecting into a lumen.

Front 22

Mesenchymal Neoplasm

Back 22

Arises from embryonic mesodermal origin, and consisting of cells that make up supportive tissue.

Ex. Bone, muscle, tendon, nerve, fascia, vessels, cartilage

Front 23

Fibroma

Back 23

Benign fibrocyte tumor

Front 24

Lipoma

Back 24

Benign adipocyte tumor

Front 25

Osteoma

Back 25

Benign bone tumor

Front 26

Adenoma

Back 26

Benign gland tumor

Front 27

Angioma or Hemangioma

Back 27

Benign endothelial tumor

Front 28

Chondroma

Back 28

Benign cartilage tumor

Front 29

Melanocytoma or melanoma

Back 29

Benign melanocyte tumor

Front 30

Pheochromocytoma

Back 30

Benign adrenal medulla tumor

Front 31

Fibrosarcoma

Back 31

Malignant fibrocyte tumor

Front 32

Osteosarcoma

Back 32

Malignant bone tumor

Front 33

Adenocarcinoma

Back 33

Malignant gland tumor

Front 34

Transitional cell carcinoma

Back 34

Malignant bladder epithelial tumor

Front 35

Leiomyosarcoma

Back 35

Malignant smooth muscle tumor

Front 36

Rhabdomyosarcoma

Back 36

Malignant skeletal muscle tumor

Front 37

Liposarcoma

Back 37

Malignant adipose tumor

Front 38

Lymphosarcoma

Back 38

Malignant lymphocyte tumor

Front 39

Malignant melanoma

Back 39

Malignant melanocyte tumor

Front 40

Chondrosarcoma

Back 40

Malignant cartilage tumor

Front 41

Hemangiosarcoma

Back 41

Malignant endothelial tumor

Front 42

Carcinogenesis

Back 42

Initiation - irreversible alteration

Promotion - selective outgrowth of initiated cells

Progression - development of features of malignancy due to genetic changes

Front 43

Latency

Back 43

Time before a tumor is clinically detectable

Smallest detectable mass is 1 cm in diameter (10^9 cells)