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188 Cards in this Set
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-penia (suffix)
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poverty. Thrombocytopenia--decrease in blood platelets
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circ
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-rhage,-rrhage, -rrhagia
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discharge. Hemorrhage--discharge of blood
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circ
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Anasarca
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severe, generalized edema
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circ
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Anemia
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a reduction below normal limits of the total circulating red blood cell mass
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circ
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Aneurysm
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a localized abnormal dilation in a blood vessel
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circ
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Angiogenesis
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the process of post-natal blood vessel formation; seen as part of healing and as part of neoplasia
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circ
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Ascites
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accumulation of edema fluid in the peritoneal cavity
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circ
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Cardiac tamponade
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syndrome of acute cardiac failure caused by filling of the pericardial sac with blood or fluid that prevents normal pumping of the heart
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circ
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Congestion
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accumulation of blood in the vessels of a tissue or at a site dure to impaired outflow
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circ
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Contusion
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a bruise; injury caused by blunt force that damages vessels and causes interstitial bleeding without disruption of tissue continuity
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circ
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Cor Pulmonale
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heart failure that occurs secondary to primary lung disease
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circ
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Cyanosis
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a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to excessive concentration of reducted hemoglobin in the blood
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circ
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DIC
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Disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome; disease process in which wide-spread thrombosis occurs throughout the body; "Death is Coming"
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circ
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Ecchymosis
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blotchy, irregular areas of hemorrhage up to 2-3 cm in size
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circ
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Edema
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increased fluid in interstitial tissue spaces; extravasation of water across the vascular wall into the interstitial spaces
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circ
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Embolism
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the sudden blocking of an artery by a clot of material (embolus). The process of formation of an embolus.
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circ
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Embolus
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a detached intravascular solid, liquid or gaseous mass that is carried by the blood to a site distant from its origin
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circ
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emia (suffix)
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blood. Lipidemia--excess lipid in the blood.
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circ
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Epicardium
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the inner layer of serous pericardium which is in contact with the heart
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circ
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Epistaxis
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bleeding from the nose
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circ
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Erythropoiesis
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increased formation of red blood cells
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circ
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Hema-,hemato-,hemo-
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blood. Hematocrit--the volume percentage of RBCs in whole blood
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circ
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Hemarthrosis
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blood within joint spaces
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circ
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Hematoma
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extravascular blood clot that forms a mass within a tissue
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circ
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Hematopoiesis
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formation of blood cells
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circ
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Hemopericardium
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a spectrum of clinical disorders that are characterized by increased tendency for hemorrhage from usually insignificant injury
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circ
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Hemoperitoneum
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accumulation of blood in the peritoneal cavity
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circ
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Hemoptysis
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coughing up blood from the trachea and bronchi
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circ
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Hemorrhage
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extravasation of blood due to vessel rupture
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circ
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Hemostasis
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process of normal clotting of the blood
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circ
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Hemothorax
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accumulation of blood in the thoracic cavity
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circ
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Hydro-, hygro-(prefix)
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water; fluid. Hydronephrosis--distention of the renal pelvis and calices with urine
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circ
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Hydrothorax
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accumulation of edema fluid in the pleural cavity
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circ
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Hydroureter
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distention of the ureter with fluid due to obstruction
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circ
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Hyperemia
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presence of an increased amount of blood in a part of an organ due to augmented tissue inflow and arteriolar dilation
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circ
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Hypoxia
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any state of reduced oxygen availability
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circ
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Infarct
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death of tissue caused by interruption of its blood supply; ischemic necrosis
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circ
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Ischemia
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state of reduced blood flow
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circ
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Leuc-, Leuk-(prefix)
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white. Leukocyte--white blood cell. Leukopenia--reduction in number of leukocytes in the blood.
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circ
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Nutmeg liver
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gross lesion of chronic passive congestion of the liver; red & tan finely mottled pattern is visible
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circ
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Pericardial effusion
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accumulation of edema fluid in the pericardial sac; hydropericardium
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circ
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Petechia
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minute 1 to 2 mm pinpoint hemorrhages
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circ
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Phleb-(prefix)
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vein. Phlebitis-inflammation of the vein
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circ
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Purpura
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larger hemorrhages (>3mm) scattered on many body surfaces
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circ
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Shock
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syndrome of cardiovascular collapse; final common pathway of many potentially lethal clinical events (hemorrhage, burns, massive trauma)
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circ
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Syncope
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a temporary loss of consciousness due to insufficient cerebral blood flow (fainting)
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circ
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Thromboembolus
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a clot of material that breaks free from a primary site, is transported in the bloodstream and becomes lodged at a secondary site
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circ
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Thrombosis
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inappropriate activation of normal hemostatic processes; intravascular coagulation that produces a thrombus; pathological clotting
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circ
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Transudate
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fluid with a low protein content and a specific gravity < 1.012; an ultrafiltrate of plasma
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circ
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-lysis (suffix)
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to dissolve. Autolysis--self-dissolution.
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gen
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-malacia (suffix)
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softening. Osteomalacia--softening of bone.
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gen
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-megaly (suffix)
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great, large. Splenomegaly--enlargement of the spleen.
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gen
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-oid (suffix)
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like; resembling. Leukemoid--like leukemia.
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gen
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-ologous (suffix)
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relating to. Homologous--of similar structure.
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gen
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-oma (suffix)
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tumor. Osteoma--tumor of bone.
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gen
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-opathy (suffix)
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disease. Nephropathy--any disease of the kidney.
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gen
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-orrhea (suffix)
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flow; discharge. Leukorrhea--white discharge.
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gen
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-oscopy (suffix)
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view. Endoscopy--to view the inside; specifically, the intestine.
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gen
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-osis (suffix)
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a prccess, especially a morbid one. Diverticulosis--involvement with diverticula.
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gen
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-ostomy (suffix)
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mouth. Gastrostomy--creation of an artificial gastric fistula.
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gen
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-otomy (suffix)
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cut. Cholecystotomy-incision into the gall bladder.
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gen
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-phage (suffix)
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eat; devour. Macrophage-a cell that devours
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gen
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-plasia (suffix)
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to form. Hyperplasia--an increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ
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gen
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-pnea (suffix)
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breath. Dysnea--labored or difficult breathing
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gen
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-ptosis (suffix)
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falling. Ptosis--drooping of the eyelid
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gen
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-rrhea (suffix)
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abnormal or excessive flow. Steatorrhea--excessive lipid in the feces
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gen
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-stasis (suffix)
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standing still. Hemostasis--arrest of blood circulation
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gen
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-trophy (suffix)
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nourish. Dystrophy--defective or faulty nutrition
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gen
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Adeno- (prefix)
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gland. Adenitis-inflammation of a gland
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gen
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Anis-, aniso (prefix)
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unequal, dissimilar. Anisokaryosis--inequality in size of nuclei of cells
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gen
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Ante- (prefix)
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before in time or space. Antemortem--before death
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gen
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Anti- (prefix)
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against; counteracting. Antitoxin--an antibody to a toxin
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gen
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Arthr(o)- (prefix)
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joint; articulation. Arthrolith--a calculus deposit within a joint
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gen
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Atrophy
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a decrease in size of cells or decrease in size of a tissue or organ that was once normal in size; adaptation to a decreased work load or decreased nutritional stimulation
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gen
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Auto- (prefix)
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self. Autolysis--self-dissolution, the postmortem enzymatic degredation of cells
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gen
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Autophagy
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process by which a cell sequesters and digests its own cytoplasm and organelles; lysosomal digestion of the cell's own components
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gen
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Bilateral
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affecting both sides
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gen
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Biopsy
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the removal of a tissue sample from a living animal for diagnostic purposes
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gen
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Botryoid
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shaped like a bunch of grapes
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gen
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Caseation necrosis
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a vairant of coagulation necrosis in which dead tissue has a firm, dry, cheesy texture (dead tissue looks like cottage cheese)
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gen
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Caseous
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having a consistency like that of cottage cheese
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gen
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Catarrh
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inflammation of a mucous membrane with free discharge
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gen
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cele (suffix)
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tumor or herniation. Meningocoele-hernial protrusion of meninges
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gen
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centesis (suffix)
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puncture. Thoracocentesis--puncture of the pleural cavity
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gen
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Chemotaxis
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locomotion of leukocytes that is oriented along a chemical gradient
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gen
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Chol-(prefix)
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bile. Cholelith--gallstone, bile stone
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gen
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Cirrhosis
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progressive loss of hepatic lobular structure with fibrous connective tissue. The liver is subdivided into nodules of proliferating hepatocytes surrounded by scar tissue.
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gen
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Contralateral
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affecting or pertaining to the opposite side
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gen
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Corrugated
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having a ripple-like distortion
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gen
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Cyst
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an abnormal sac filled with gas, fluid, or semi-solid material that is lined by a membrane
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gen
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Cyst(o)- (prefix)
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bladder. Cystitis--inflammation of the bladder
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gen
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Cyt(o)- (prefix)
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cell. Cytomegaly--marked enlargement of cells
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gen
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Death
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the irreversible cessation of activity in the heart, lungs or brain
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gen
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Dia-(prefix)
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through; between. Diarrhea--fecal matter flowing through the bowel
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gen
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Diffuse
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not definitely localized or limited; spread widely through a tissue or substance
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gen
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Disseminated
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describes lesion distribution when an entire organ or structure contains many randomly distributed lesions throughout it
|
gen
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Dys-(prefix)
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difficult, bad, abnormal. Dysplasia--abnormal formation. Dyspnea--difficult breathing ; dysphagia--difficult swallowing
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gen
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ectomy (suffix)
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excision. Cholecystectomy--excision of the gallbladder.
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gen
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Em-, en-, in (prefix)
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into. Encyst--to enclose in a cyst or sac
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gen
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emesis (suffix)
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vomit. Hematemesis--vomiting blood.
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gen
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encephalo-(prefix)
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brain
|
gen
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Encephalomalacia
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softening of the brain; implies necrosis
|
gen
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Endo-(prefix)
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within. Endocardium--the inner lining of the heart. Endometrium--the mucous membrane lining the uterus.
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gen
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Enter(o)-(prefix)
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intestine. Enteritis--inflammation of the intestine
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gen
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Epi-(prefix)
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upon. Eipbulbar--situated on the eyeball
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gen
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Erosion
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a partial loss of epithelial cells that does not extend through the basement membrane
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gen
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Etiology
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the study of the cause of disease
|
gen
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Euchromatin
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dispersed, lightly-stained chromatin seen in the nucleus of a cell
|
gen
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Ex(o)-(prefix)
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out of; away from; outside of. Exophytic--projecting out from a surface
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gen
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Fistula
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an abnormal opening or connection from one tissue or organ to another
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gen
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Flocculent
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having downy or flaky shreds
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gen
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Focal
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a lesion that occurs as a single, clearly defined focus
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gen
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Friable
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breaks apart or crumbles easily
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gen
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Gangrene
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a severe form of coagulation necrosis; dry and moist types
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gen
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genesis (suffix)
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origin. Spermatogenesis--formation of sperm
|
gen
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Grey matter
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the grey nervous tissue of the brain and spinal cord consisting of the cell bodies and dendrites of nerve cells rather than the myelinated axons
|
gen
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Grumose
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lumpy or clotted
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gen
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Hemosiderin
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golden yellow to brown pigment derived from the breakdown of hemoglobin in red blood cells
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gen
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Hernia
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a weakness or defect in the wall of a body cavity the permits protrusion of a serosa-lined sac, usually the abdominal cavity, umbilical and inguinal
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gen
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Hetero-(prefix)
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dissimilar. Heterocellular--composed of more than one type of cell
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gen
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Heterochromatin
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condensed, basophilic chromatin seen in the nucleus of the cell
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gen
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Heterophagy
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phagocytosis; process of lysosomal digestion of materials ingested from the extracellular environment
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gen
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Homeo-, homo-(prefix)
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similar; same. Homeotypical--resembling the normal or usual type
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gen
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Hyper-(prefix)
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above and beyond; excessive. Hyperacidity--excessive acidity
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gen
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Hyperplasia
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an increase in size due to cellular division & increased number of cells in a tissue
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gen
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Hypertrophy
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an increase in the size of a cell, or increased size of a tissue or organ caused by cellular enlargement
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gen
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Hypoplasia
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underdevelopment of a tissue or organ due to a decrease in the number of cells
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gen
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iasis (suffix)
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a process, especially a morbid one. Amebiasis--the state of being infected with amebae.
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gen
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Idiopathic
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occurring without known cause
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gen
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Imperforate
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atretic; closed.
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gen
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Incision
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an opening in the skin or an organ made by a sharp cutting object, such as a knife
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gen
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Indurated
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abnormally hard
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gen
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Infra-(prefix)
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beneath. Infraorbital--beneath the eye.
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gen
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Inter-(prefix)
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between. Intercellular--between two cells.
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gen
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Intra-(prefix)
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within. Intracellular--within cells.
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gen
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Ipsilateral
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affecting or pertaining to the same side
|
gen
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Jaundice
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generalized yellow discoloration of tissue produced by accumulation of bilirubin in the blood; icterus.
|
gen
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Laceration
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an irregular tear in the skin produced by over-stretching
|
gen
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Lesion
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an abnormal structural and/or functional change in the body; a pathological change.
|
gen
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Lith-(prefix)
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stone. Lithotomy--removal of a stone.
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gen
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Macro-(prefix)
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large. Macrophage--a large, mononuclear, phagocytic blood cell.
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gen
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Malacia
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liquifactive necrosis in the central nervous system
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gen
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Mega-(prefix)
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great. Megakaryocyte--a giant cell of the bone marrow that has a lobulated nucleus & gives rise to platelets.
|
gen
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Melan-(prefix)
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black. Melanin--black pigment of the hair, skin, choroid, retina and certain nerve cells.
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gen
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Mesothelium
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the layer of simple squamous epithelium that covers the serous membranes of the body
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gen
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Metaplasia
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a reversible change in which one adult cell type is replaced by another adult cell type; represents an adaptive response of a tissue to stress
|
gen
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Micro-(prefix)
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small. Microhepatia--a small liver.
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gen
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Morphologic diagnosis
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the interpretation of the abnormalities in terms of severity, time, lesion and anatomic site.
|
gen
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Mucous (adj.)
|
relating to or resembling mucous.
|
gen
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Mucus (n.)
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the glandular, free slime of the mucous membranes.
|
gen
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Multifocal
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a lesion that occurs as several focal areas
|
gen
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Myelo-(prefix)
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spinal cord
|
gen
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Myelomalacia
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softening of the spinal cord; implies necrosis
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gen
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Myx-(prefix)
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mucus. Myxedema--mucinous edema
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gen
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Necr-(prefix)
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death. Necrosis--the morphologic changes indicative of cell death, indicated by characteristic nuclear and cytoplasmic changes.
|
gen
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Necropsy
|
examination of an animal body after death
|
gen
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Necrosis
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death of cells and tissues in the living animal
|
gen
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Nephr-(prefix)
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kidney. Nephrectomy--surgical removal of the kidney.
|
gen
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Nodule
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an elevated, spherical lesion that is usually greater than 5 mm across
|
gen
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Oligo-(prefix)
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few; scanty.
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gen
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Papillary
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having small, nipple-shaped projections
|
gen
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Papillary necrosis
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focal areas of necrosis in the renal medulla, often at the cortico-medullary junction
|
gen
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Para-(prefix)
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beside. Parauterine--beside the uterus.
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gen
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Parenchyma
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the essential or functional elements of an organ.
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gen
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Patent
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open, exposed or unobstructed.
|
gen
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Pathogenesis
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the sequence of events that leads to a disease or morbid process.
|
gen
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Pathognomonic
|
specially or decisively characteristic of a disease; sign that indicates with certainty that a specific disease/agent is present
|
gen
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Pathology
|
the science and study of disease, especially the causes and development of abnormal conditions both gross and microscopic.
|
gen
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Pedunculated
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elevated, as on a stem (pedicle)
|
gen
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Peri-(prefix)
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around. Peribronchial--around the bronchus
|
gen
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Phago- (prefix)
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eat; devour. Phagocyte--any cell that ingests foreign material, other cells or microorganisms
|
gen
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Pinna
|
the projecting part of the ear
|
gen
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Prognosis
|
a prediction of the outcome of a pathological process or disease
|
gen
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Regeneration
|
growth of cells and tissues to replace lost structures
|
gen
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Reniform
|
shaped like a kidney
|
gen
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Resilient
|
having the ability to return to an original shape after having been compressed or deformed
|
gen
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Saponification
|
the hydrolysis of a fat by alkali with the formation of a soap and glycerol
|
gen
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Serosa
|
any serous membrane
|
gen
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Serpiginous
|
having a wavy border
|
gen
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Serrated
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having a saw-like edge
|
gen
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Sessile
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attached by a broad base
|
gen
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Stea- (prefix)
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lipid. Steatorrhea--excessive lipid in the feces
|
gen
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Stenosis
|
a stricture of any canal
|
gen
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Stoma-(prefix)
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mouth.
|
gen
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Umbilicated
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marked by depressed spots resembling the umbilicus
|
gen
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Unilateral
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affecting only one side
|
gen
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Verrucous
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rough; wart-like
|
gen
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Viscous
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thick; coagulated; sticky or gummy
|
gen
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