Pathology Systemic Disease

Front 1

Give some features of Crohn's Disease (3):

Back 1

Skip lesions, fistulae (transmural), stricture (caused by fibrosis).

Front 2

Describe ulcerative colitis.

Back 2

Starts in the rectum, proximal ulceration (no skipping), pseudopolyp formation (not transmural).

Front 3

List 4 routes to cirrhosis:

Back 3

Alcoholism, Hepatitis, Biliary Disease, & Protein Deficiency/Starvation [listed most -> least common]

Front 4

Provide 6 symptoms of cirrhosis.

Back 4

Portal hypertension, Non-functional liver detoxification, Decrease vit. K & clotting factors, Androgen Deficiency, Spider nevi, & Predisposition to Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Front 5

Give 6 results of portal hypertension.

Back 5

Blood backs up, edema in legs, decrease in blood volume (hepatorenal syndrome), Caput Medusa, Esophageal/rectal varices.

Front 6

What's the result of non-functional liver detox?

Back 6

Increase in ammonia => hepatic coma => death (jaundice => dark urine also).

Front 7

What's breast development from androgen deficiency called?

Back 7

Gynecomastia

Front 8

What color does a liver turn if necrosis is the etiology behind cirrhosis?

Back 8

Cell death -> inflammation -> healing/repair => Gray liver

Front 9

What color is an alcoholic's liver?

Back 9

Decreased protein intake -> no lipoprotein formation -> fatty accumulation => Yellow liver

Front 10

What does hepatorenal syndrome come from, and what does it cause?

Back 10

Hepatorenal syndrome is a symptom of cirrhosis, and it causes ascites.

Front 11

Why would someone with cirrhosis have splenomegaly?

Back 11

Rerouting of blood through the splenic vein due to portal hypertension.

Front 12

What pathological adaptation would be found in a cirrhotic liver?

Back 12

Fibrosis nodules

Front 13

Name three antigenetic markers for hepatitis.

Back 13

HBe Ag, HBs Ag, & HBc Ag.

Front 14

HBe Ag = ____?

Back 14

Polymerase enzymes

Front 15

HBs Ag = ____?

Back 15

Hepatitis virus coat protein

Front 16

HBc Ag = ____?

Back 16

Hepatitis virus core protein

Front 17

What are the three phases of hepatitis?

Back 17

Acute hepatitis, convalescence, & Chronic disease (-> cirrhosis)

Front 18

What other disease can hepatitis cause?

Back 18

Hepatocellular carcinoma (insertion into DNA can cause cancer)

Front 19

What do you call it when a goblet cell overproduces mucus when inflamed?

Back 19

Mucus plug formation.

Front 20

I say Blue Bloaters, you say:

Back 20

Bronchitis

Front 21

I say Pink Puffers, you say:

Back 21

Emphysema

Front 22

What COPD involves mucus plug formation?

Back 22

Chronic Bronchitis

Front 23

What are some clinical manifestations of Chronic Bronchitis?

Back 23

Sputum; Cyanosis, Pulmonary hypertension, & Cor pulmonale (hypoxia)

Front 24

What causes cyanosis?

Back 24

Coughing fits => decreased oxyhemoglobin.

Front 25

What can pulmonary hypertension do to the heart?

Back 25

Increased workload on the right side of the heart => hypertrophy.

Front 26

What do the big kids call dilation of the heart?

Back 26

"Cor pulmonale"

Front 27

Fibrosis as a sequela of CB => ____?

Back 27

Occluding the lumen of the airway => death.

Front 28

What are the two forms of emphysema?

Back 28

Centrilobular & Panacinar emphysema.

Front 29

Describe three aspects of Centrilobular emphysema?

Back 29

1. Primarily due to smoking, 2. The most common form of emphysema, 3. Inflammation around the alveoli.

Front 30

What genetic defect causes panacinar emphysema?

Back 30

Genetic defect/deficiency of α1-antitrypsin (made in the liver)

Front 31

Give three types of lung cancer.

Back 31

1. Squamous metaplasia, 2. Small cell carcinoma, 3. Mesothelioma.

Front 32

What are three forms of pneumoconiosis?

Back 32

Anthracosis, Silicosis, & Asbestosis

Front 33

Anthracosis is inhalation of ____?

Back 33

Carbon. Requires a sufficient accumulation. Leads to lots of exudate.

Front 34

Silicosis can cause damage ____?

Back 34

Silicosis can cause damage intrinsically (no large accumulation necessary).

Front 35

Asbestos can lead to ____?

Back 35

Mesothelioma

Front 36

What does ARDS stand for?

Back 36

Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome.

Front 37

What two damage locations can cause ARDS?

Back 37

Damage to the endothelium of the alveoli, or the endothelium of the capillaries.

Front 38

What causes ARDS?

Back 38

Pneumonia.

Front 39

What COPD is associated with overinflation of the lungs?

Back 39

ARDS.

Front 40

Peripheral carcinoma can typically result from ____?

Back 40

Emphysema (doesn't metastasize quickly)

Front 41

Central carcinomas are typically seen in ____?

Back 41

Chronic Bronchitis (these metastasize b/c they're close to the lymph nodes).

Front 42

If the pleural sac is cancerous, what's that called?

Back 42

Mesothelioma