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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does primary syphilis occur?
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3 weeks post infection
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What is the primary sign of primary syphilis?
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a chancer, a firm non tender raised lasion
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What is the microscopic morphology of syphilis at all stages?** KEY**
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plasma cell infiltrates
obliterative endarteritis** |
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What is the lesions of tertiary syphilis?
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syphilitic gummas
a gray, rubbery mass |
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What are the five signs of secondary syphilis?
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lymphadenopathy
rash mucous patch condylomata lata orchitis |
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What is the rash of secondary syphilis look like?
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hyperpigmented macules on the palms, soles**
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What do the mucos patches of secondary syphilis look like?
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circumscribed white plaques in the oral cavity
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What does condyloma lata of secondary syphilis look like?
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flat topped epithelial proliferation due to disseminated SECONDARY phase T. pallidum
occurs in skin folds and oral cavity |
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What are the four main signs of tertiary syphilis?
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Aneuryism of the arch of aorta- which may cause regurgitation
due to** endarteritis of vasa vasorum* (damaging aortas blood supply!) Orchitis Gummas in many places throughout the body |
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What are the four main diseases caused by Chalmydia Trachomatis?
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lymphogranuloma venereum
urethritis cervicitis PID |
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What does lymphgraunloma venerum look like?
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Ulcerates with base of granulomatis inflammation
rapid swelling inguinal lymph nodes, that form abscesses |
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What are the two high risk for cancer HPV types are there?
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16 and 18
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What type HPV types causes most genital warts?
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6 and 11
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What is the geneome of HPV like?
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this is a DNA virus
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What is the morphology of condyloma acuminatum? (HPV 6/11 infection)
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papillary architecture
thickened epithelium hyperkeratosis Koilocytosis**- clear vaculoization of the prickle cell layer- is characteristic of HPV infection |
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What are the most common locations for HPV cancers?
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vulva, vagina, cervix, penis, perianal
OR respiratory tract |
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What type of cancer does HPV usually cause?
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squamous carcinomas
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What does HPV DNA do to because high risk?
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this integrates into the nuclear DNA.
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What are the genetic problems that HPV causes?
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Lose E2 viral repression
over expresses E6- binds p53 (normally used for apoptosis) over expreses E7- inactivates RB (normally used for growth arrest) |
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What is the microscopic morphology of intraepithelial neoplasia due to HPV? (CIN, VIN)
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nuclear atypia.
loss of polarity hyperchromasia increased nuclear: cytoplasmic ratio increased mitoses BM is intact** |
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What CIN levels for intraepithelial neoplasia are low grade?
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ONLY CIN 1- mild dysplasia
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What CIN levels for intraepitheilal neoplasia are high grade?
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CIN II- moderate dysplasia
CIN III- severe dysplasia CIN III- carcinoma in situ |
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What zone of the cervix actually gets infected with HPV?
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the transformation zone
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What type of dysplasia sheds abnormal cells that are picked up on pap smear?
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Preinvasive lesions of cervical epithelium
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What do pap smears detect?
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abnormal cells, these do NOT diagnose cancer
only useful for preinvasive* |
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What is the most important cause of false negative pap smears?
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Invasive tumors
poor sampling |
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What do you do for any visualized lesions on a pap smear?
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must do a biopsy
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What are the age guidelines for starting pap smears?
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3 years after sex or age 21
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What are the age guideline for continuing pap smears?
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annually till age 30, then q2-3 years
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What do you do if your pap smear is inadequate?
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you must repeat it
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What are the effects of HPV vaccine?
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70% reduction in dysplasia, carcinoma in situ
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What is the most common type of carcinoma of the cervix?
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squamous cell carcinoma- these make up 95% of cervical cancers
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What is adenocarcinoma of the cervix associated with?
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HPV infection
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What is clear cell adenocarcinoma of the cervix associated with?
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DES exposure
causes cervical adenosis |
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What is the key morphology finding in invasive squamous cell carcinoma?
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keratin pearls
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What stage of cervical cancer is Carcinoma in situ?
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stage 0
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What are the invasive stages of cervical cancer?
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ALL of them, stage 1-4 area ALL invasive!!
yes even stage 1 is invasvie |
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What is the cause of death from cervical cancers?
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local disease that produces Uremia
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What is the survival rate of stage 1a cervical cancer?
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95%
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