Pathology - Skeletal System

Front 1

achondroplasia

Back 1

dwarfism; defective ossification of growth plate

Front 2

osteogenesis imperfecta

(brittle bone)

Back 2

severe osteoporosis and thin defective cortices.
prone to fractures

Front 3

spina bifida

Back 3

posterior defect of spinal canal; failure to fuse properly causes varying amounts of paralysis and dysfunction

Front 4

osteomalacia (adults)
rickets (children)

Back 4

vitamin D deficiency causes loss of bone density
- metaphyseal ends become cupped/frayed

Front 5

gout

Back 5

increased uric acid causes crystal deposits in joints

Front 6

osteoporosis

Back 6

decreased bone mass/deficiency in bone density

Front 7

pagets disease

Back 7

destruction of bone and reparative process remodels incorrectly.
- weakens and deforms bony structures; seen in skull, vertebrae and pelvis

Front 8

dislocation

Back 8

bone out of joint with no contact with articulation

Front 9

subluxation

Back 9

partial dislocation; separation

Front 10

osteomyelitis

Back 10

inflammation of bone marrow
- doesn't appear on xray for 10 days (bone scan is better)

Front 11

osteoarthritis

Back 11

degenerative condition that changes bone articulation and forms small bone spurs

Front 12

rheumatoid arthritis

Back 12

disfiguration of joints due to subluxation and ankylosing (ossification of tissues)

Front 13

ankylosing spondilitis

Back 13

ossification of tissues and ligaments of the spine

Front 14

closed/simple fracture

Back 14

not penetrating the skin

Front 15

open/compound fracture

Back 15

bone has penetrated the skin; can cause infection

Front 16

displaced fracture

Back 16

with angulation of separation

Front 17

comminuted fracture

Back 17

in 3 or more segments

Front 18

complete fracture

Back 18

extends through entire cortex

Front 19

transverse fracture

Back 19

at right angle to long axis of bone

Front 20

linear/longitudinal fracture

Back 20

parallel to long axis of bone

Front 21

oblique fracture

Back 21

runs 45* to long axis of bone

Front 22

spiral fracture

Back 22

encircles the shaft

Front 23

impacted fracture

Back 23

fractured end is driven into another

Front 24

compression fracture

Back 24

bone surfaces forced together causing fracture (often in vertebrae)

Front 25

avulsion fracture

Back 25

small bone fragment torn off bony prominence @ muscle origin

Front 26

stress fracture

Back 26

results from abnormal repetitive trauma @ site of maximum strain

Front 27

pathological fracture

Back 27

at an area weakened by disease, tumour or infection

Front 28

depressed fracture

Back 28

bone fragments pushed into tissue or organ (ie: skull)

Front 29

greenstick fracture

Back 29

incomplete fracture in children <12; one side breaks, other side bends

Front 30

blow out fracture

Back 30

fracture of orbit floor

Front 31

contrecoup fracture

Back 31

opposite side of primary injury (ie: primary=distal tibia; contrecoup=proximal fibula)

Front 32

colles fracture

Back 32

transverse fracture of DISTAL RADIUS w/POSTERIOR displacement
-most common wrist fracture (falling with hands extended)

Front 33

smiths fracture

Back 33

reverse colles; ANTERIOR displacement (falling with hands flexed)

Front 34

monteggia fracture

Back 34

isolated fracture of ULNAR shaft with ANTERIOR dislocation of radius at elbow

Front 35

supracondylar fracture

Back 35

to the supracondylar region of the HUMERUS

Front 36

bennetts fracture

Back 36

the base of 1st metacarpal

Front 37

boxers fracture

Back 37

base of 5th metacarpal due to a blow with the hand

Front 38

potts fracture

Back 38

both malleoli WITH ankle dislocation

Front 39

bimalleolar fracture

Back 39

involving both malleoli

Front 40

trimalleolar fracture

Back 40

both malleoli AND posterior lip of tibia

Front 41

intertrochanteric fracture

Back 41

between greater and lesser trochanters of the hip

Front 42

march fracture

Back 42

stress fracture of the metatarsal

Front 43

salter-harris fracture

Back 43

involving a growth plate of a pediatric bone

Front 44

osteochondroma

Back 44

benign tumour
-projection of bone (like branch off a tree)

Front 45

enchondroma

Back 45

benign tumour
-slow growing in medullary canal destroys normal bone

Front 46

osteosarcoma

Back 46

malignant tumour
-generally at ends of long bones
-appears as sunburst

Front 47

multiple myeloma

Back 47

malignant tumour of marrow plasma
-produces osteolytic lesions
-appears as punched out lesions

Front 48

metastic bone lesions

Back 48

most common malignant tumour

Front 49

hangmans fracture

Back 49

arch of C2 caused by acute hyperextension

Front 50

burst fracture

Back 50

comminuted of ring of atlas (C1)

Front 51

kyphosis

Back 51

exaggerated rounding of upper back

Front 52

lordosis

Back 52

exaggerated lumbar curvature

Front 53

scoliosis

Back 53

exaggerated lateral curvature of spine

Front 54

herniate disc

Back 54

fibrosis ruptures that portrude and compress nerves

Front 55

spondylosis

Back 55

spinal degeneration and deformity of joints
-common with aging

Front 56

spondylo-LY-sis

Back 56

defect of pars interarticularis

Front 57

spondylo-LISTHE-sis

Back 57

defect of pars interarticularis WITH DISPLACEMENT

Front 58

torticollis

Back 58

head tilted to one side

Front 59

fibrous dysplasia

Back 59

proliferation of tissue in medullary cavity

Front 60

aseptic necrosis

Back 60

bone death caused by poor blood supply

Front 61

osteochondritis dissecans

Back 61

disease process where articular cartilage separate from joint surface
-joint mice

Front 62

legg-calve-perthes

Back 62

necrosis of femoral head in boys age 5-10
-appears as fragmented centre and flattened femoral head

Front 63

osgood-schlatters

Back 63

incomplete fusion of tibial tuberosity to tibia during puberty

Front 64

hallux valgus

Back 64

lateral deviation of great toe at MTP joint

Front 65

club foot

Back 65

malformation of foot turned inward at ankle
-prevents normal weight bearing