Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are the characteristics of Scarlet Fever?
|
-Group A strep.
-strawberry tongue -diffuse erythmatous rash -desquamation of the skin 1 week after onset. |
|
|
What are the bacterial characteristics of Group A strep?
|
-gram + cocci
-facultative anaerobes -ferment glucose to lactose -sensitive to bacitracin |
|
|
Which factors act as protection for the group A strep?
|
--M protein (antiphagocytic)
-lipoteichoic acid (cell wall regidity and attachement to epithelium) -Peptidoglycan wall -group carbohydrates. |
|
|
What factors act as defense agents for group A strep?
|
-streptokiinase (lyses fibrin)
-hyaluronidase and proteinase- spreads infection -NADase- leukotoxic -Hemolysins |
|
|
What is the Therapy for Group A strep?
|
- Penicillin G or Penicillin V for 10 days.
-Macrolides( erythromycin or azithromycin) or cephalosporins. -some infections have beta-lactamase producing organisms that protect from penicillin. |
|
|
What are the 3 major etiologic agents for epiglotitts?
|
-Strep Pyogenes
-Haemophilus influenzae B -Staph aureus |
|
|
What is the treatment of choice for epiglotitis?
|
-Ceftriaxone!
-intubate if in the ER/OR -Hib vaccine |
|
|
What is the epidemiology of Diptheria?
|
less than 10 cases/yr in the US d/t vaccine
disease of infants and children |
|
|
What is the pathogenesis of Diptheria?
|
-toxin absorbed by droplet infection, destroys epithelium and induces strong inflamm.
-necrotic epithelium + fibrin + blood makes a gray pseudomembrane over tonsils -Toxin absorbed into bloodstream infecting heart, liver, kidneys, adrenals and peripheral nerves. |
|
|
What is the Tx of choice for diptheria?
|
Penicillin
-also immunization (DTaP) at 2,4,6,18 mo and 4-6 yrs. |
|
|
What are bacteriological characteristics of bordetella pertussis?
|
-small gram - coccobacilli
-strict aerobes! -kills ciliated epithelial cells |
|
|
What is the Tx for pertussis?
|
Erythromycin
DTaP vaccine. |
|
|
Which agent causes major weight loss in TB?
|
TNF which interferes with lipid metabolism
|
|
|
Which agent causes fever in the manifestation of TB?
|
Interleukin 1 mediates fever!
|
|
|
What is the most common disease of the nasopharynx?
|
nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
-EBV -seen in Asia/China -diplopia, otitis media, epistaxis and cervical node enlargement. |
|
|
What is the most common problem in the oropharynx?
What is the tx? |
Pharyngitis (involving the lingual tonsils faucial tonsils and adenoids)
-penicillin for acute bacterial -cefuroxime axetil is more effective for primary tx. *if allergic to penicillin, use azithromcin. |
|
|
What is the condition usually due to when a pt presents with:
sore throat, foul breath, halitosis, white yellow debris.? |
Tonsils with deep crypts or crevices.
-susceptible to anaerobic infections especially group A streptococcus. |
|
|
What is the typical treatment for thrush?
|
-Topical: clotrimazole or nystatin
-Systemic: fluconazole |
|
|
What underlying conditions can cause thrush?
|
immuno D
diabetes prolonged use of antibiotics xerostomia |
