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233 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Study of tissue specimens excised in a major or minor operation
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Surgical pathology
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A circumscribed area of pathologically altered tissue
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Lession
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A stimulant with many derivatives extracted from the leaves of the coca plant
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Cocaine
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An opiate derived from the poppy plant
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Heroin
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Explanation of how the cause of death came about; generally classified on death certificates as either natural, homicide, suicide, accident, or undetermined/unclassified.
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Manner of death
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Study of changes in structure of the body that are readily seen with the unaided eyes as a result of disease
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Gross pathology
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A body temperature below 95F (35C)
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Hypothermia
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Cellular theory of disease
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Rudolph Virchow
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The process or event leading to an injury or wound
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Trauma
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Deals with the study of the widespread process of disease such as inflamation, degeneration, necrosis or cellular death, repairm and so on without reference to particular organs or organ systems
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General pathology
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Science that deals with the study of disease
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Pathology
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A postmortem examination of the organ and tissues of a body to determine cause of death or pathological condition
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Autopsy
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Deals with the specific features of disease in relation to particular organs or organ system
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Special pathology
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The physiological derangement produced by the cause of death that results in death (e.g. bleeding, blood poisoning, or a faulty heart beat)
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Mechanism of death
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Lesions on the body at the sites of injection of drugs, including the arms, between the fingers, between the toes, or (in the male) scrotum
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Needle tracks
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Study of structural changes in the body caused by disease
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Gross pathology
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Characteristics have soot, a muzzle imprint, and laceration of the skin
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contact wounds
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The study of the cause of disease
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Etiology
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Study of microscopic changes that cells, tissues, and organs undergo as a result of disease
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Histopathology
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Study of disease to ascertain cause and manner of death as related to a criminal investigation
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MedicoLegal pathology
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Any injury or disease that produces a physiologica derangement in the body that results in the death of the individual (e.g., gunshot wounds, stab wounds, lung cancer, or blood clots)
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Cause of death
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Once believed to be the basic fluids in the body
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Humurs
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Formed the basis of both modern ethics of medicine and the treatment of disease
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Hippocrates
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Study of disease by means of body secretions, excretions, and other fluids performed in the laboratory in the diagnosis of disease
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Clinical pathology
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Speed of a bullet
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Velocity
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Study of changes in body functions due to disease
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Physiological pathology
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The manner in which a disease develops
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Pathogenesis
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A condition or disease in which there is no recognizable change in anatomy
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Functional
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Existing at the time of birth or shortly thereafter
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Congenital
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A disease with a more or less rapid onset and short duration
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Acute
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Disease due to lack of dietary or metabolic substance
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Deficiency
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A condition or disease in which there is a change in anatomy
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Organic
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Appearance of an infectious disease or condition that attacks many people at the same time in the geographical area
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Epidemic
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Results from the adverse activity of medical personnel
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Iatrogenic
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Of known cause (e.g., sudden infant death syndrome)
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Idiopathic
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Reappearance of symptoms after a period of remission (abatement)
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Recurrence
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Infection acquired in a hospital
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Nosocomial
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Number of deaths in a given time or place or proportion of deaths to a population
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Mortality rate
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The harboring of animal parasites, especially macroscopic forms, such as ticks or mosquitoes
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Infestation
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To increase the severity of a disease
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Exacerbate
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A disease with an abnormally high rate of occurence in members of the workforce
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Occupational disease
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Genetic charcteristics transmitted from parent to offspring
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Hereditary
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A disease affecting the majority of the population of a large region or one that is epidemic at the same time in many different parts of the world
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Pandemic
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Having a hypersensitivity to a substance that does not normally cause a reaction
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Allergies
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Objective disturbances produced by disease, observed by physician, nurse, or person attending patient (e.g., pulse, fever, heart rate)
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Signs
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State of being intoxicated, especially of being poisoned by a drug or toxic substance
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Intoxication
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Presents itself after birth
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Acquired
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Having rapid and severe onset, usually fatal
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Fulminating
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A disease that is continuously present in a community
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Endemic
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A disease with more or less slow onset and long duration
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Chronic
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Set of sign and symptoms associated with a particular disease (e.g.,Down syndrome)
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Syndrome
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Disease that occurs occosionally in a random or isolated manner
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Sporadic
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Temporary cessation of symptoms of disease
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Remission
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Number of cases of disease present in a specified population given at a time
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Prevalence
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Term associated with fever
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Febrile
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A disease that may be transmitted directly or indirectly from one individual to another
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Communicable
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The term denoting the naming of the disease or syndrome; to recognize the nature of a disease
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Diagnosis
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Relative incidence of a disease in the population or number of cases in a given time in given population
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Morbidity rate
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Subjective disturbances caused by disease that are felt or experienced by patient but not directly measurable (e.g. pain, headache)
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Symptoms
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Unfavorable conditions arising during the course of disease
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Complications
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The state or condition in which the body or a part of it is invaded by a pathogenic agent that, under favorable conditions, multiplies and produces injurious effects
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Infections
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Predication of the outcome of disease
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Prognosis
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A gram-positive, endospore-forming bacterium that causes gas gangrene
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Clostridium perfringens
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A waxy, translucent, complex protein that resembles starch; a form of celullar degeneration present in diseases like Alzheimer's disease
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Amyloid
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The deterioration of tissues with corresponding functional impairment as a result of disease or injury
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Degeneration
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Large crystals sometimes present in chronic cases of gout
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Tophi
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The shrinkage of cell placed in a hypertonic solution
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Crenation
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The enlargement of an organ or part due to the increase in size of cells composing it
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Hypertrophy
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Pathological death of a tissue while still a part of the living organism
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Necrosis
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Hypotonic embalming fluid solutions that add moisture to dehydrated tissues
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Humectants
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Hypertonic embalming fluid solutions that remove excess moisture from the tissues
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Desiccants
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Coloration caused by deposit or lack of coloring material in tissues
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Pigmentation
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Black lung disease
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Pneumoconiosis
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Excess levels of uric acid in the blood
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Hyperuricaemia
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Necrotic tissue that is wet as a result of inadequate venous drainage, accompanied by the invasion of saprophytic bacteria
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Wet gangrene
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Loss of color
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Pallor
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A term used to refer to several types of necrosis
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Gangrene
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Oxygen depravation
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Hypoxia
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Distention of cells
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Turgor
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The depositing of calcium salts, magnesium, iron, and other minerals within the cells
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Calcification
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Condition that results when the body part that dies had little blood and remains aseptic; occurs when the arteries, but not the veins, are obstructed
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Ischemic necrosis
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Cheese-like necrosis characterized by pink areas of necrotic tissue surrounded by inflammatory granules
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Caseous
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A form of arthritis due to a metabolic disorder resulting in the depositing of uric acid in the joints
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Gout
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A wasting decrease in size of an organ or tissue
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Atrophy
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Leads to alterations in cells' abilities to replicate and repair, resulting in cellular degeneration and the eventual death of the cell
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Cellular Senescence
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Replacement of one type of tissue into a form that is not normally found there
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Metaplasia
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The increased size of an organ or part due to excessive but regulated increase in the number of its cells
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Hyperplasia
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The process of seepage or diffusion into tissue of substances that are not ordinarily present
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Infiltration
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The pressure that develops when two solutions of different concentrations are separated by a semipermeable membrane
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Osmotic pressure
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The replacement of damaged cells with identical cells
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Regeneration
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Failure of a tissue or an organ to develop normally
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Aplasia
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A strawberry birthmark
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Vascular nevus
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A condition in which the end of the scapula is underdeveloped, leading to shortening of the shoulder
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Dentate Glenoidanomaly
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Excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain
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Hydrocephalus
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A defect or deformity
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Malformation
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Total color blindness
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Achromatopsia
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Abnormal protrussion of part of an organ through an abnormal opening on the wall that normally contains it
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Hernia
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The most common, fatal genetic disease in the United States
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Cystic fibrosis
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Congenitally malformed palate with a fissure along the midline
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Cleft palate
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Trisomy 21
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Down syndrome
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Occurs when the spinal cord develops normally but the meninges protrude from a spinal opening
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Meningocele
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A birth defect characterized by extra fingers and/or toes
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Polydactilism
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The least severe form of spina bifida, in which one or more vertebrae are malformed and covered by a layer of skin
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Occulta
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Congenital defect in which part of the vertebral column is absent or has incomplete closure
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Spina bifida
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The most severe form of spina bifida and is characterized by the protrusion from an opening in the spine of both the malformed spinal cord and the meninges
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Myelomeningocele
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Congenital condition in which the proximal portions of the limbs are poorly developed or absent
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Phocomelia
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Underdevelopment of tissue, organ, or the body
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Hypoplasia
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Congenital absence of one or more limbs
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Amelia
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A postmorten examination of the organs and tissues of a body to determine cause of death or pathological condition. Also known as necropsy.
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Autopsy
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Any injure or disease that produces a physiological derangement in the body that results in the death of the individual. Examples include gunshot wound, stab wounds, lung cancer, or blood cloths.
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Cause of death
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The study of the cause of disease
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Etiology
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Deals with the study of the widespread process of disease such as inflamation, degeneration, necrosis or cellular death, repair, and so on without reference to particular organs or organ systems.
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General pathology
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Body temperature below 80F (27C)
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Hypothermia
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A circumscribed area of pathologically altered tissue; a single patch in a skin disease.
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Lesion
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Explanation of how the cause of death came about. It is generally classified on death certificates as either natural, homicide, suicide, accident, or undetermined/unclassified
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Manner of death
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The physiological deragement produced by the cause of death that results in death. Examples include bleeding, blood poisoning, or a faulty heart beat
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Mechanism of death
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The manner in which a disease develops
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Pathogenesis
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Science that deals with the study of disease
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Pathology
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Deals with the specific features of disease in relation to particular organs or organ systems
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Special pathology
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A condition that presents itself after birth
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Acquired
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A disease with a more or less rapid onset and short duration
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Acute
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Having hypersensitivity to a substance that does not normally cause a reaction
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Allergies
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A disease with a more or less slow onset and long duration
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Chronic
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A disease that may be transmitted directly or indirectly from one individual to another
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Communicable
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Unfavorable conditions arising during the course of disease
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Complications
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Condition existing at the time of birth or shortly thereafter
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Congenital
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A lack of dietary or metabolic susbstance that can lead to disease
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Deficiency
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Term denoting the naming of the disease or syndrome, the recognition of the nature of a disease
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Diagnosis
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A disease that is continuolsy present in a community
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Endemic
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Higher than normal appearance of an infectious disease or condition within a given population
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Epidemic
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Increase severity of a disease
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Exacerbate
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Term associated with fever
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Febrile
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Having rapid and severe onset, usually fatal.
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Fulminating
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A condition or disease in which there are changes in physiologic activity, but no recognizable change in anatomy
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Functional
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Being genetically transmitted from parent to offspring
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Hereditary
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Resulting from the adverse activity of medical treatment
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Iatrogenic
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Of unkown cause (example: sudden infant death syndrome)
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Idiopathic
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The state or condition in which the body or a part of it is invaded by a pathogenic agent that, under favorable conditions, multiplies and produces injurios effects
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Infection
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The harboring of animal parasites, especially macroscopic forms, such as ticks and mosquitoes.
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Infestation
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State of being intoxicated, especially of being poisoned by a drug or toxic substance
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Intoxication
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Relative incidence of a disease in the population or number of cases in a given time in a given population
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Morbidity rate
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Number of deaths in a given time or place or proportion of deaths to a population
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Mortality rate
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Infection acquired in a hospital or other healthcare setting
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Nosocomial
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A disease with an abnormally high rate of occurrence in members of a particular workforce
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Occupational disease
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A condition or disease in which there is a change in anatomy
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Organic
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A disease affecting the majority of the population of a large region or one that is epidemic at the same time in many different parts of the world
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Pandemic
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The number of cases of disease present in a specified population at a given time
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Prevalence
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Prediction of the outcome of a disease
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Prognosis
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Reappearance of symptoms after a period of remission (abatement)
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Recurrence
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Temporary cessation of symptoms of disease
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Remission
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Objective disturbances produced by disease, observed by a physician, nurse, or other person attending a patient (example: pulse, fever, heart rate)
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Signs
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Disease that occurs occasionally in a ramdom or isolated manner
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Sporadic
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Subjective disturbances caused by disease that are felt or experienced by the patient but are not directly measurable (example: pain, headache)
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Symptoms
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A set of sign and symptoms associated with a particular disease (e.g. Down syndrome)
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Syndrome
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A waxy, translucent, complex protein that resembles starch. It is a form of cellular degeneration present in diseases like Alzheimer's disease
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Amyloid degeneration
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A wasting, decrease in size of an organ or tissue
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Atrophy
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The depositing of calcium salts, magnesium, iron, and other minerals within the cells
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Calcification
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Cheeselike, type of necrosis which is characterized by pink areas of necrotic tissue surrounded by inflamatory granules
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Caseous
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The deterioration of tissues with corresponding functional impairment as a result of disease or injury
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Degenaration
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A term use to refer to several types of necrosis
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Gangrene
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A form of arthritis due to a metabolic disorder resulting in the depositing of uric acid in the joints
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Gout
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The enlargement of an organ or tissue due to the increase in size of cells composing it
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Hypertrophy
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The process of seepage or diffusion into tissue of substances that are not ordinarily present
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Infiltration
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Pathological death of a tissue while still a part of the living organism
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Necrosis
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Coloration caused by either deposit or lack of coloring material in tissues
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Pigmentation
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The replacement of damaged cells with identical cells
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Regeneration
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Congenital absence of one or more limbs
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Amelia
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Failure of a tissue or organ to develop normally due to an absence of cell
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Aplasia
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Abnormal protrusion of part of an organ through an opening in the wall that normally contains it
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Hernia
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Underdevelopment of a tissue, organ or the body
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Hypoplasia
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Congenital condition in which the proximal portions of the limbs are poorly developed or absent.
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Phocomelia
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A birth defect characterized by extra fingers or toes
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Polydactylism
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Congenital defect in which part of the vertebral column is absent or undergoes incomplete closure
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Spina bifida
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Blood, phlegm, black bile (liver) and yellow bile (stomach)
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Humors
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How it starts
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Pathogenesis
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The process or event leading to an injury or wound
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Trauma
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Type of bullet that begins tumbling more rapidly in tissue
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A short high velocity bullet
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Head front 4.5 back 4.5. Each arm front 4.5 back 4.5. Torso front 18 back is 18. Leg front 9 back 9. Genitals 1.
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Rule of nines
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Oldest age to which human beings can survive
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Lifespan
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Person's life expectancy
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Longevity
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Under 20 weeks gestation what type of certificate is required
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Fetal death certificate
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The end of the scapula is underdeveloped, leading to the shortening of the shoulder
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Dentate glenoid anormaly
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What is the study of pathology readily seen with the unaided eye?
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Gross pathology
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What is another name for microscopic pathology?
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Histopathology
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What is not a cause of disease?
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Economic status
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What is forensic pathology to ascertain the cause of death called?
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Medicolegal
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In the condition called hypertrophy, is an organ getting larger or smaller?
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Larger (larger than- HYPER)
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If you have an increase in the size of left leg as a result of a fracture in the right leg is that hyperplasia or hypoplasia?
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Compensatory Hyperplasia-as a result of compensating the right leg
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What do we call a disease of a short duration and developing very quickly?
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Acute- ex: pneumonia
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What do we call a disease of slow duration and lasting a long time?
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Chronic –ex: cancer
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What do we call a disease that is continually present in a community?
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Endemic
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What do we call a disease that has a very high prevalence in a community?
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Epidemic
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What do we call a disease that has a very high prevalence worldwide?
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Pandemic (SARS)
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What is a disease that goes hand in hand with cystic fibrosis?
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Diabetes
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What disease would a child with a large head for the size of the body have?
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Hydrocephalus
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What does a child with a flat bridged nose, sloped forehead dwarfed physical appearance have?
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Downs Syndrome or trisomy 21
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How many types of Spina Bifida are there?
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Three
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What is the most severe form of Spina Bifida?
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Myelomeningocele
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What is the least severe form of Spina Bifida?
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Occulta
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What is the time period for SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome) to appear?
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2-4 months
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What type of necrosis looks like Swiss cheese?
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Caseous
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What do we call the syndrome when a person has extra fingers or toes?
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Polydactylism
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What do we call it when a person is missing the proximal (close to) portion of a limb?
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Phocomelia
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Will a hypertonic embalming fluid add or take away moisture?
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Take away moisture
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What is a hypertonic embalming fluid called?
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Desiccant – remove excess moisture
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If you have a hypertonic embalming fluid and you want to add moisture to the tissues – what is the name of the moisture additive?
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Humectant – (Hypotonic fluid)
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What is the term that describes the shrinkage of cells?
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Crenation
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What is do you call an increase in the size of cells?
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Hypertrophy
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How many types of Gangrene?
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Two
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What type of Gangrene is related to drainage on the venous side of the vascular system?
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Wet or Moist Gangrene
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What type of Gangrene is related to the arterial side of the vascular system?
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Dry (feet become hard and black
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What type of disease that has an abnormally high rate of occurrence to members of the same workforce?
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Occupational
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What is Gangrene an example of?
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Necrosis – dead tissue that is surrounded by living tissue
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What is the first process of necrosis called?
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Denaturation-cell breakdown
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What is the second process of necrosis called?
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Autolysis – self digestion of cells
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What is the crackling sound exhibited by wet gangrene?
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Crepitation
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What is the loss of oxygen in the tissues?
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Hypoxia- ex:carbon monoxide poisoning
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What is a disease that occurs occasionally in a random or isolated manner?
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Sporadic
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The statement: “In 1997 61.8 people per 100,000 died of stroke in the U.S.” is an example of?
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Mortality Rate (died)
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What rate is it when you talk about people that got the common cold?
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Morbidity Rate (disease or illness)
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What describes when symptoms disappear and reappear?
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Recurrence
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What are diseases associated with fever called?
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Febrile diseases
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What means that the severity of disease has increased?
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Exacerbate (exaggerate)
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What are the three most common sites of injury for suicides caused by rifle?
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Right temple, forehead and the chest
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What are the three most common sites of injury for suicides involving a shotgun?
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Mouth, chest and under the chin
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What are diseases called that are passed by coughing or sneezing?
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Communicable
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What is another name for necropsy?
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Autopsy-postmortem examination
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What is the root of the word necropsy?
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City of the dead-Egypt
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Literally – what is the word for the study of suffering?
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Pathology
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What is the study of underlying causes?
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Etiology
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What is the study of the signs and symptoms of disease?
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Pathogenesis
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What is the study of tissue specimens excised surgically during operations?
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Surgical pathology-OPERATING ROOM
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What is the study of disease in the lab of secretions for diagnosis?
|
Clinical pathology-LAB
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