Pathology Quiz 4 Neoplasia

Front 1

Side 2: What causes cellular adaptation
Side 3: What are the two categories of cellular adaptation

Back 1

Altered cellular environment
(insult, removal/increase of normal supportive growth mechanisms or controls)

Hint 1

Physiologic or pathologic

Front 2

What are the outcomes of cell injury

Back 2

Adaptation, injury, death

Front 3

Side 2: What is atrophy
Side 3: When does this usually occur

Back 3

Decrease in size of an organ after normal size has been achieved

Hint 3

Postnatal life (in utero is possible)

Front 4

What are causes of atrophy

Back 4

Lack of adequate nutrition
lack of hormonal or other trophic influences

Front 5

Can atrophic cells recover

Back 5

Yes, they can return to normal appearance if an appropriate environment is established

Front 6

Side 2: What is aplasia
Side 3: What is anaplasia

Back 6

Failure to develop/lack of tissue growth

Hint 6

Complete lack of differentiation in a malignant neoplasm, usually an epithelial neoplasm

Front 7

Side 2: What is Abiotrophy
Side 3: What is the progression

Back 7

Loss of function or degeneration for reasons unknown

Hint 7

Animals usually appear normal initially, but dz becomes evident later in life (cerebellar abiotrophy may affect coordination)

Front 8

Side 2: What is hypertrophy
Side 3: What cell types tend to undergo hypertrophy

Back 8

An increase in tissue or organ size due to an increase in cell size

Hint 8

Incapable of cell proliferation
Scant replicative ability

Front 9

What can cause hypertrophy of healthy skeletal and cardiac muscle

Back 9

Trophic stimuli
Physiologic demands of increased exercise

Front 10

What is an example of pathologic hypertrophy in cats

Back 10

Feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Front 11

What is hyperplasia

Back 11

An increase in the size of an organ or tissue due to an increase in cell number

Front 12

What is physiologic hyperplasia

Back 12

Known stimulus - serves a purpose and ceases when the stimulus is removed

Front 13

Side 2: What is pathologic hyperplasia
Side 3: What can this process lead to

Back 13

Increase in tissue size due to an increase in cell replication, may not be harmful or helpful to individual

Hint 13

Predispose a cell to neoplastic transformation

Front 14

What are some gross characteristics of pathologic hyperplasia

Back 14

nodular (exocrine pancreas, adrenal cortex, liver)
Diffuse (prostate, mammary glands)

Front 15

What does an increased organ size indicate with cell populations having the ability to divide

Back 15

Hypertrophy or hyperplasia in response to increased demands

Front 16

Side 2: What is metaplasia
Side 3: What does this usually result from

Back 16

One adult tissue type is replaced by another, which is abnormal for that tissue

Hint 16

Reprogramming of differentiation of the progenitor cell (stem cell or reserve cell)

Front 17

What type of change is metaplasia

Back 17

reversible and adaptive

Front 18

Side 2: What type of change occurs from smoke irritation
Side 3: What is the process

Back 18

Squamous metaplasia of normal bronchial pseudo stratified columnar ciliated epi to stratified squamous keratinized epi

Hint 18

Interferes with ciliary-driven mucus clearance
Increases chances of repiratory infecton
Gives smokers a little cough

Front 19

What type of metaplasia usually takes place in scar tissue

Back 19

Fibrous tissue undergoing osseous metaplasia or chondroid metaplasia
Subject to chronic stress such as injured tendons

Front 20

What can result from persistent influences that cause metaplasia

Back 20

Induce neoplastic transformation

Front 21

Side 2: What is dysplasia
Side 3: What is the appearance of dysplastic cells

Back 21

A nonadaptive change in cell appearance due to a loss of uniformity of individual cells and a loss of their architectural arrangement

Hint 21

Pleomorphic (variation in size and shape)
Cytological atypia (abnormal appearance for that cell type)

Front 22

What is pleomorphic

Back 22

Variation in size and shape of cell

Front 23

What is atypia

Back 23

Abnormal appearance for a cell type

Front 24

What type of surfaces are most affected by dysplasia

Back 24

Epithelial surfaces
(conjunctiva (cattle and cats due to UV light exposure), ear tips of white cats (UV light), Prepuce of horse (smegma exposure?))

Front 25

Side 2: When looking at dysplastic lesions what must be differentiated between
Side 3: What is the differentiating factor

Back 25

Dysplasia and carcinoma in situ

Hint 25

The degree of cytological atypia

Front 26

Side 2: What is carcinoma in situ
Side 3: What is this a precursor of

Back 26

A non-invasive epithelial neoplasm that has not broken through the basement membrane

Hint 26

Over invasive malignancy in areas such as the cervix in women and cutaneous epithelium in many species