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103 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Immunological participants of type I hypersensitivity
Mast cells/basophils, IgE, external antigen, Th2 cells
Tissue and/or cell damage is caused by this in type I hypersensitivity
Mast cell degranulation -- preformed and synthesized (secondary) mediators -- fast acting vs. slow acting
Examples of type I hypersensitivity (4)
Anyphylaxis (systemic, localized), asthma, hives, allergic rhinitis (hay fever)
Mediators of inflammation activated/produced by type I hypersensivitity
Eosinophils are recruited
Immunological participants of type II hypersensitivity
Anti-self antibodies, macrophages, CD8+ T-cells, plasma cells, complement
Tissue and/or cell damage is caused by this in type II hypersensitivity
Direct attack by antibodies leading to tissue lysis, opsonization, phagocytosis, cell-mediated cytotoxicity
Examples of type II hypersensitivity (6)
Hemolytic anemia, erythroblastosis fetalis, Goodpasture syndrome, Myesthenia gravis, Rheumatic fever, Graves' disease
Immunological participants of type III hypersensitivity
Immune complexes, neutrophils, complement
Tissue and/or cell damage is caused by this in type III hypersensitivity
Complex deposition in cells can lead to neutrophil attraction and degranulation, complement activation leading to tissue damage
Examples of type III hypersensitivity (4)
Glomerulonephritis, polyarteritis nodosa, serum sickness, Arthus reaction, SLE
Mediators of inflammation activated/produced by type III hypersensivitity
Neutrophils are recruited
Immunological participants of type IV hypersensitivity
CD8+ T-cells, macrophages, giant cells, granuloma formation
Tissue and/or cell damage is caused by this in type IV hypersensitivity
Cytoxic T-cells, activated macrophages
Examples of type IV hypersensitivity (3)
Tuberculin reaction, granuloma formation, contact dermatitis (nickel allergy)
Mediators of inflammation activated/produced by type IV hypersensivitity
Macrophages are attracted to the site
Immunological mechanism of type IV hypersensitivity
Cytoxic T-cells are sensitized, and respond to chronic antigen by releasing cytotoxic factors as well as chemokines and cytokines to attract and activate macrophages
Granulomas are formed a result of this type of hypersensitivity
Type IV (DTH)
Preformed and synthetic mediators play a role in this type of hypersensitivity
Type I
Th2 cells play a role in this type of hypersensitivity
Type I
Neutrophils play a role in this hypersensitivity type
Type III
Eosinophils play a role in this hypersensitivity type
Type I (late phase)
Basophils play a role in this hypersensitivity type
Type I
Auto antibodies play a role in this hypersensitivity type
Type II
Antibody-antigen complexes play a role in this hypersensitivity type
Type III
Sensitized cytotoxic T cells play a role in this hypersensitivity type
Type IV (DTH)
Tissue rejection results from a combination of these processes
Type II, III and IV hypersensitivity reactions
This type of hypersensitivity reaction rarely plays a role in tissue rejection
Type I
These tissues are most affected in graft vs. host disease
Skin, liver, GI tract
This type of rejection is antibody mediated
Hyperacute (mostly type II and possibly also type III hypersensitivity)
This type of rejection is cellular and antibody mediated
Acute (types II, III and IV hypersensitivity)
This type of rejection is macrophage, T-cell and plasma cell mediated
Chronic
This type of rejection leads to extensive fibrosis and damage to graft
Chronic
This type of rejection leads to attacks on vessels (vasculitis) and the parenchyma
Acute
This type of rejection leads to thrombosis and vessel attack
Hyperacute
This is how the immune system learns to distinguish "self" from "foreign"
Tolerance
These are examples of central tolerance
Clonal deletion, negative selection
These are examples of peripheral tolerance
Activation-induced apoptosis, anergy induction, suppression
These are seven ways in which immunological tolerance can break down
(1) Breakdown of T-cell anergy
2) failure of activation-induced cell death
(3) failure of suppression
(4) molecular mimicry
(5) polyclonal lymphocyte activation
(6) release of sequestered antigens
(7) epitope spreading
This disease affects more women than men
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
This disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by antibodies against anti-nuclear antigens
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
Genetic factors are important in this disease, though it is multigenic
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
This disease most frequently and severely affects the kidneys
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
This autoimmune disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory disease
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
In this disease, inflammation is non-supperative--T-cells, plasma cells and macrophages infiltrate.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
This disease is characterized by the formation of a "pannus"
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
In RA, articular cartilage is destroyed by this process.
Proliferation of the synovium
Type(s) of hypersensitivity at play in SLE
Type III
Type(s) of hypersensitivity at play in RA
Type III
Type(s) of hypersensitivity at play in amyloidosis
None. This is an autoimmune disease that cannot be characterized by hypersensitivity reactions.
Disease associated with AL amyloid
Myeloma (B-cell tumors)
Disease associated with AA amyloid
Reactive or chronic inflammatory conditions
Condition assoicated with A-beta-2M amyloid
Chronic renal failure
Disease associated with A-beta amyloid
Alzheimer's
AL amyloid
Ig light chains
AA amyloid
SAA (serum amyloid A)
A-beta-2M amyloid
Beta-2 microglobulin
Beta-2 microglobulin
Component of MHC class I molecules
A-beta amyloid
Amyloid precursor protein encoded on chromosome 21 and produced in the brain
This disease is believe to be at least in part the byproduct of chronic inflammatory activity against a spectrum of stimuli occuring in diverse tissues
Amyloidosis
This disease is characterized by a birefringent material when stained with a special stain
Amyloidosis
This is used to stain for amyloid
Congo red
Beta-pleated sheet
This is the conformation of amyloid
The pathogenesis of this disease may include the induction of macrophage-like cells by an irritating stimulus
Amyloidosis of Alzheimer's (A-beta amyloid)
Systemic sclerosis (scleroderma)
Chronic disease of unknown etiology characterized by abnormal accumulation of fibrous tissue in the skin and multiple organs
Sjogren syndrome
Autoimmune destruction of the lacrimal and salivary glands
Inflammatory myopathies
Inflammation of skeletal muscle by an autoimmune mechanism
This disease may occur alone or with other autoimmune diseases, most commonly systemic sclerosis
Inflammatory myopathy
This disease may occur alone or with other autoimmune disease, most commonly RA
Sjogren syndrome
These are examples of autoimmune diseases
SLE, RA, amyloidosis, systemic sclerosis, Sjogren syndrome, inflammatory myopathies
These are general types of primary immunodeficiencies
Global, selective (only B or T cells affected), cytokine or cytokine receptor mutation, adhesion molecule mutation, complement component mutation, complement regulator mutation
These are general types of secondary immunodeficiencies
NATURAL tumors, malnutrition, pregnancy INFECTIOUS viruses IATROGENIC chemotherapy, radiation.
Examples of primary immunodeficiencies (6)
XLA, Common Variable Immunodeficiency, Hyper IgM Syndrome, DiGeorge Syndrome, Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease (SCID), Hereditary Angioedema
Examples of secondary immunodeficiencies (1)
HIV
This immunodeficiency disorder is characterized by mutations in btk
XLA
This immunodeficiency disorder is caused by failure of B cell development
XLA
XLA is characterized by these problems in early childhood
Viral infections, Giardia, arthritis
This immunodeficiency disorder is a heterogenous group of disorders
Common Variable Immunodeficiency
This family of immunodeficiency disorders can involve all classes of antibodies
Common Variable Immunodeficiency
This immunodeficiency disorder is characterized by B cell developmental defects
Common Variable Immunodeficiency
This immunodeficiency disorder afflicts both sexes equally, and its onset is later in childhood or adolescence
Common Variable Immunodeficiency
This immunodeficiency disorder is frequently complicated by URIs, pulmonary, hepatic and Giardia infections
Common Variable Immunodeficiency
This immunodeficiency disorder is highly (20%) associated with the development of autoimmune diseases
Common Variable Immunodeficiency
This immunodeficiency disorder is a T-cell disorder -- T cells are unable to stimulated isotype switching in B cells
Hyper IgM Syndrome
This immunodeficiency disorder is characterized by impaired switching from IgM --> IgG,IgA
Hyper IgM Syndrome
This immunodeficiency disorder is characterized by abnormal CD40/CD154 interactions
Hyper IgM Syndrome (CD 40 ligand is mutated)
These two immunodeficiency disorder have both X-linked and autosomal forms
Hyper IgM Syndrome, SCID
This immunodeficiency disorder is characterized by recurrent pyogenic infections and Pneumocystis pneumonitis
Hyper IgM Syndrome
This immunodeficiency disorder arises from an embryonic malformation
DiGeorge Syndrome
This immunodeficiency disorder is characterized by severe T cell deficiencies
DiGeorge Syndrome
This immunodeficiency disorder is characterized by tetany due to Ca++ dysregulation
DiGeorge Syndrome
This immunodeficiency disorder is linked to an unidentified gene on chromosome 22
DiGeorge Syndrome
This immunodeficiency disorder sometimes occurs as a partial syndrome that is self-correcting
DiGeorge Syndrome
This immunodeficiency disorder is characterzed by absent B and T cells
SCID
This immunodeficiency disorder is characterized by immunological problems from birth
SCID
This immunodeficiency disorder occurs more commonly in its X-linked form
SCID
This immunodeficiency disorder is caused by mutation of a common chain shared by numerous cytokine receptors
X-linked SCID
This immunodeficiency disorder is caused by adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency
Autosomal SCID
This immunodeficiency disorder is caused by a C1 (complement) inhibitor deficiency
Hereditary Angioedema
These factors play a role in AIDS pathogenesis
CD4, CXCR4, CCR5
These are syndromes of AIDS
Kaposi's sarcoma, CNS lymphoma
These are the first and second targets of AIDS
(1) Immune system; (2) CNS, eg, CNS lymphomas
This disease is diagnosed by ANA tests
SLE
This disease is caused by IgM directed against the Fc component of IgG antibodies
RA