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103 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Immunological participants of type I hypersensitivity
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Mast cells/basophils, IgE, external antigen, Th2 cells
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Tissue and/or cell damage is caused by this in type I hypersensitivity
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Mast cell degranulation -- preformed and synthesized (secondary) mediators -- fast acting vs. slow acting
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Examples of type I hypersensitivity (4)
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Anyphylaxis (systemic, localized), asthma, hives, allergic rhinitis (hay fever)
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Mediators of inflammation activated/produced by type I hypersensivitity
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Eosinophils are recruited
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Immunological participants of type II hypersensitivity
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Anti-self antibodies, macrophages, CD8+ T-cells, plasma cells, complement
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Tissue and/or cell damage is caused by this in type II hypersensitivity
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Direct attack by antibodies leading to tissue lysis, opsonization, phagocytosis, cell-mediated cytotoxicity
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Examples of type II hypersensitivity (6)
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Hemolytic anemia, erythroblastosis fetalis, Goodpasture syndrome, Myesthenia gravis, Rheumatic fever, Graves' disease
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Immunological participants of type III hypersensitivity
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Immune complexes, neutrophils, complement
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Tissue and/or cell damage is caused by this in type III hypersensitivity
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Complex deposition in cells can lead to neutrophil attraction and degranulation, complement activation leading to tissue damage
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Examples of type III hypersensitivity (4)
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Glomerulonephritis, polyarteritis nodosa, serum sickness, Arthus reaction, SLE
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Mediators of inflammation activated/produced by type III hypersensivitity
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Neutrophils are recruited
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Immunological participants of type IV hypersensitivity
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CD8+ T-cells, macrophages, giant cells, granuloma formation
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Tissue and/or cell damage is caused by this in type IV hypersensitivity
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Cytoxic T-cells, activated macrophages
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Examples of type IV hypersensitivity (3)
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Tuberculin reaction, granuloma formation, contact dermatitis (nickel allergy)
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Mediators of inflammation activated/produced by type IV hypersensivitity
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Macrophages are attracted to the site
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Immunological mechanism of type IV hypersensitivity
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Cytoxic T-cells are sensitized, and respond to chronic antigen by releasing cytotoxic factors as well as chemokines and cytokines to attract and activate macrophages
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Granulomas are formed a result of this type of hypersensitivity
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Type IV (DTH)
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Preformed and synthetic mediators play a role in this type of hypersensitivity
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Type I
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Th2 cells play a role in this type of hypersensitivity
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Type I
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Neutrophils play a role in this hypersensitivity type
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Type III
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Eosinophils play a role in this hypersensitivity type
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Type I (late phase)
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Basophils play a role in this hypersensitivity type
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Type I
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Auto antibodies play a role in this hypersensitivity type
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Type II
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Antibody-antigen complexes play a role in this hypersensitivity type
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Type III
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Sensitized cytotoxic T cells play a role in this hypersensitivity type
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Type IV (DTH)
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Tissue rejection results from a combination of these processes
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Type II, III and IV hypersensitivity reactions
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This type of hypersensitivity reaction rarely plays a role in tissue rejection
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Type I
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These tissues are most affected in graft vs. host disease
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Skin, liver, GI tract
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This type of rejection is antibody mediated
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Hyperacute (mostly type II and possibly also type III hypersensitivity)
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This type of rejection is cellular and antibody mediated
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Acute (types II, III and IV hypersensitivity)
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This type of rejection is macrophage, T-cell and plasma cell mediated
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Chronic
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This type of rejection leads to extensive fibrosis and damage to graft
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Chronic
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This type of rejection leads to attacks on vessels (vasculitis) and the parenchyma
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Acute
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This type of rejection leads to thrombosis and vessel attack
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Hyperacute
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This is how the immune system learns to distinguish "self" from "foreign"
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Tolerance
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These are examples of central tolerance
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Clonal deletion, negative selection
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These are examples of peripheral tolerance
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Activation-induced apoptosis, anergy induction, suppression
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These are seven ways in which immunological tolerance can break down
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(1) Breakdown of T-cell anergy
2) failure of activation-induced cell death (3) failure of suppression (4) molecular mimicry (5) polyclonal lymphocyte activation (6) release of sequestered antigens (7) epitope spreading |
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This disease affects more women than men
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Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
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This disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by antibodies against anti-nuclear antigens
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Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
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Genetic factors are important in this disease, though it is multigenic
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Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
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This disease most frequently and severely affects the kidneys
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Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
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This autoimmune disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory disease
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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
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In this disease, inflammation is non-supperative--T-cells, plasma cells and macrophages infiltrate.
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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
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This disease is characterized by the formation of a "pannus"
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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
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In RA, articular cartilage is destroyed by this process.
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Proliferation of the synovium
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Type(s) of hypersensitivity at play in SLE
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Type III
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Type(s) of hypersensitivity at play in RA
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Type III
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Type(s) of hypersensitivity at play in amyloidosis
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None. This is an autoimmune disease that cannot be characterized by hypersensitivity reactions.
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Disease associated with AL amyloid
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Myeloma (B-cell tumors)
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Disease associated with AA amyloid
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Reactive or chronic inflammatory conditions
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Condition assoicated with A-beta-2M amyloid
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Chronic renal failure
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Disease associated with A-beta amyloid
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Alzheimer's
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AL amyloid
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Ig light chains
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AA amyloid
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SAA (serum amyloid A)
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A-beta-2M amyloid
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Beta-2 microglobulin
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Beta-2 microglobulin
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Component of MHC class I molecules
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A-beta amyloid
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Amyloid precursor protein encoded on chromosome 21 and produced in the brain
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This disease is believe to be at least in part the byproduct of chronic inflammatory activity against a spectrum of stimuli occuring in diverse tissues
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Amyloidosis
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This disease is characterized by a birefringent material when stained with a special stain
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Amyloidosis
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This is used to stain for amyloid
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Congo red
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Beta-pleated sheet
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This is the conformation of amyloid
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The pathogenesis of this disease may include the induction of macrophage-like cells by an irritating stimulus
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Amyloidosis of Alzheimer's (A-beta amyloid)
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Systemic sclerosis (scleroderma)
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Chronic disease of unknown etiology characterized by abnormal accumulation of fibrous tissue in the skin and multiple organs
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Sjogren syndrome
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Autoimmune destruction of the lacrimal and salivary glands
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Inflammatory myopathies
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Inflammation of skeletal muscle by an autoimmune mechanism
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This disease may occur alone or with other autoimmune diseases, most commonly systemic sclerosis
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Inflammatory myopathy
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This disease may occur alone or with other autoimmune disease, most commonly RA
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Sjogren syndrome
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These are examples of autoimmune diseases
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SLE, RA, amyloidosis, systemic sclerosis, Sjogren syndrome, inflammatory myopathies
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These are general types of primary immunodeficiencies
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Global, selective (only B or T cells affected), cytokine or cytokine receptor mutation, adhesion molecule mutation, complement component mutation, complement regulator mutation
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These are general types of secondary immunodeficiencies
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NATURAL tumors, malnutrition, pregnancy INFECTIOUS viruses IATROGENIC chemotherapy, radiation.
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Examples of primary immunodeficiencies (6)
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XLA, Common Variable Immunodeficiency, Hyper IgM Syndrome, DiGeorge Syndrome, Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease (SCID), Hereditary Angioedema
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Examples of secondary immunodeficiencies (1)
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HIV
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This immunodeficiency disorder is characterized by mutations in btk
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XLA
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This immunodeficiency disorder is caused by failure of B cell development
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XLA
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XLA is characterized by these problems in early childhood
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Viral infections, Giardia, arthritis
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This immunodeficiency disorder is a heterogenous group of disorders
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Common Variable Immunodeficiency
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This family of immunodeficiency disorders can involve all classes of antibodies
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Common Variable Immunodeficiency
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This immunodeficiency disorder is characterized by B cell developmental defects
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Common Variable Immunodeficiency
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This immunodeficiency disorder afflicts both sexes equally, and its onset is later in childhood or adolescence
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Common Variable Immunodeficiency
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This immunodeficiency disorder is frequently complicated by URIs, pulmonary, hepatic and Giardia infections
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Common Variable Immunodeficiency
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This immunodeficiency disorder is highly (20%) associated with the development of autoimmune diseases
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Common Variable Immunodeficiency
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This immunodeficiency disorder is a T-cell disorder -- T cells are unable to stimulated isotype switching in B cells
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Hyper IgM Syndrome
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This immunodeficiency disorder is characterized by impaired switching from IgM --> IgG,IgA
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Hyper IgM Syndrome
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This immunodeficiency disorder is characterized by abnormal CD40/CD154 interactions
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Hyper IgM Syndrome (CD 40 ligand is mutated)
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These two immunodeficiency disorder have both X-linked and autosomal forms
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Hyper IgM Syndrome, SCID
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This immunodeficiency disorder is characterized by recurrent pyogenic infections and Pneumocystis pneumonitis
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Hyper IgM Syndrome
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This immunodeficiency disorder arises from an embryonic malformation
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DiGeorge Syndrome
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This immunodeficiency disorder is characterized by severe T cell deficiencies
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DiGeorge Syndrome
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This immunodeficiency disorder is characterized by tetany due to Ca++ dysregulation
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DiGeorge Syndrome
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This immunodeficiency disorder is linked to an unidentified gene on chromosome 22
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DiGeorge Syndrome
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This immunodeficiency disorder sometimes occurs as a partial syndrome that is self-correcting
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DiGeorge Syndrome
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This immunodeficiency disorder is characterzed by absent B and T cells
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SCID
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This immunodeficiency disorder is characterized by immunological problems from birth
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SCID
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This immunodeficiency disorder occurs more commonly in its X-linked form
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SCID
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This immunodeficiency disorder is caused by mutation of a common chain shared by numerous cytokine receptors
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X-linked SCID
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This immunodeficiency disorder is caused by adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency
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Autosomal SCID
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This immunodeficiency disorder is caused by a C1 (complement) inhibitor deficiency
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Hereditary Angioedema
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These factors play a role in AIDS pathogenesis
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CD4, CXCR4, CCR5
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These are syndromes of AIDS
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Kaposi's sarcoma, CNS lymphoma
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These are the first and second targets of AIDS
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(1) Immune system; (2) CNS, eg, CNS lymphomas
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This disease is diagnosed by ANA tests
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SLE
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This disease is caused by IgM directed against the Fc component of IgG antibodies
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RA
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