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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Two major components of the nerve are.... |
1. Axon 2. Myelin sheath |
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Types of peripheral nerve damage are... |
1. Axonal
2. Demyelinating |
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How does the axon regenerated? |
Axon growth and remyelination |
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Result of direct damage to Schwann cells |
Abnormally slow nerve conduction |
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Types of peripheral neuropathies |
1. Polyneuropathy 2. Polyneuritis multiplex 3. Mononeuropathy |
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Paresthesia in toes and spread upward to hands "Stocking and glove" |
Polyneuropathy |
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Randomly affects individual nerves |
Polyneuritis multiplex |
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Carpal tunnel |
Mononeuropathy |
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Demyelinating disorder of motor neurons Triggered by infection or vaccine Tx: plasmapheresis, IV Ig, supportive |
Guillain-Barré Syndrome
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Most common cause of peripheral neuropathy |
Diabetes |
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Most common for of Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is..... |
Distal symmetric sensorimotor polyneuropathy |
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In Myasthenia Gravis one has autoantibodies against..... |
Acetylcholine receptors |
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Thymoma or Thymic hyperplasia |
Myasthenia Gravis may be associated with.... |
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If untreated, Myasthenia Gravis may lead to.... |
Respiratory failure |
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Clinically: Muscle weakness Ptosis = muscles of eyelids Muscles of eyes, diplopia Neck and jaws commonly affected |
Myasthenia Gravis |
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Types of muscle fiber atrophy |
1. Neurogenic atrophy 2. Disuse atrophy 3. Glucocorticoid exposure |
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Atrophy of muscles deprived of innervation |
Neurogenic atrophy |
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Complication of poliomyelitis infection |
Neurogenic atrophy |
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What types of fibers are affected by Neurogenic atrophy |
Type I or II myofibers |
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Prolong bed rest Casting of broken bone Focal or generalized |
Disuse atrophy |
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Why types of fibers are affected by Disuse atrophy |
More Type II myofiber |
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What fibers/muscles are affected preferentially by Glucocorticoid exposure? |
Type II myofibers Proximal muscles |
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Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy is what type of genetic disorder? |
X-linked recessive |
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Absence of dystrophin First present around age 5 |
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy |
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Pseudohypertrophy of calves |
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy |
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Death from Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy is usually due to.... |
Respiratory failure and pneumonia |
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Types of toxic myopathies |
1. Thyrotoxic myopathy 2. Ethanol myopathy 3. Drug myopathy |
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Elevated thyroxine Acute or chronic proximal muscle weakness |
Thyrotoxic myopathy |
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Binge drinking Rhabdomyolysis Renal damage |
Ethanol myopathy |
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Most common Drug myopathy is from.... |
Statin family |
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Schwannomas most commonly affect CN.... |
CN VIII |
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Benign Most are "sporadic" 10% associated w/ N2 |
Schwannomas |
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What gene is affected by Schwannomas (and what chromosome is it on)? |
Merlin gene (chromosome 22) |
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Benign Peripheral nerve sheath tumors |
Neurofibromas |
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Types of Neurofibromas |
1. Localized cutaneous 2. Plexiform 3. Diffuse All seen in NF1 |
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How is Neurofibromatosis (NF1) inherited? |
Autosomal dominant |
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Mutation of "neurofiromin" (tumor suppressor) Almost everyone born w/ one mutation |
NF1 |
