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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Solid joint: lack joint space: have CT that bridge the bones
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Nonsynovial or synarthroses
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In teeth and sutures of the skull
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Fibrous synarthroses
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Joint space: fibrous capsule: membrane that does not cover the articulating surfaces: no basement membrane
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Synovial joints
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Line synovial membranes: cuboidal CT, synthesize hyaluronuic acid (lubricant for hyaline cartilage)
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Synoviocytes
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No blood supply: CT: shock absorber: no innervation or lymphatics: Type II collagen (tensile stresses)
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Hyaline cartilage
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Cytokines (Il-1 and TNF) activate catabolic enzymes
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Degradative process of cartilage matrix
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Degenerative joint disease: erosion of articular cartilage: intrinsic disease of cartilage:: oligoarticular (affects few jts)
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Osteoarthritis
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OA can be caused by age called?
Or injury to jt, developmental deformity, or systemic disease (diabetes) |
Primary OA
Secondary OA |
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Caused by a combination of genes (Wnt and prostaglandin metabolism) and environment (age and stress)
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OA
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1. chondrocyte injury 2. chondrocytes proliferate and secrete inflammatory mediators in synovium 3. chondrocyte drop out, loss of cartilage, subchondral bone changes
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Phases of OA
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Deep achy pain: limited ROM: a couple jts involved" Heberden nodes in women:slowly progresses
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Primary OA clinical manifestations
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Chronic systemic inflammatory disease that affects many tissues and organs but mainly attacks jts to produce inflammatory synovitis that destructs articular cartilage and ankylosis of jts
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RA
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Synovium becomes edemic and thickened: inflammatory infitrate with lymphocytes enter synovial stroma: vasodilaition: aggregation of fibrin: neuts: inc osteoclastic activity: pannus formation (causes articular cartilage erosion): fibrous ankylosis
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Clinical manifestation of RA in jts
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Rhematoid nodules (firm with central zone of fibrinoid necrosis with rim of histocyes)
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RA in skin
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Small arteries like vasa nervorum and digital arteries are obstructed by endarteritis (neuropathy, ulcers, and gangrene)
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RA in bv
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Genectically predisposed person is exposed to an arthritogenic antigen causing autoimmune rxn
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Cause of RA
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What alleles are associated with RA?
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HLA-DRB1 and PTPN22
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Arthritogen (citrullinated proteins)
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Environmental factor in RA
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CD4+ cells, ememory T cells, Th17 cells (rectruit neuts and monos), autoantibodies to IgG (marker of disease), and anti-CCP antibodies
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Autoimmune response of RA
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