Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are the tissue types from which tumors can develop?
|
cartilage, fat, bone, vessel, marrow, fibrous stromal cell
|
|
|
What are the two most common benign bone lesions?
|
osteochondroma and fibrous cortical defect
|
|
|
What is the most common overall bone tumor?
|
metastasis
|
|
|
What are the most common malignant bone tumors?
|
osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma
|
|
|
What is the predominant demographic for a benign bone tumor? malignant?
|
benign: children
malignant: adult |
|
|
What is the classic presentation of osteoid osteoma?
|
pain worse in day, cured by aspirin (prostaglandin inhibition), 50% of them occur at the knee in the femur or tibia
|
|
|
What causes nocturnal pain in osteoid osteoma?
|
release of prostaglandins
|
|
|
What is a nidus?
|
the pathologic finding in osteoid osteoma with a central lesion surrounded by peripheral sclerotic bone
|
|
|
How does osteoblastoma differ from osteoid osteoma?
|
Osteoblastoma has no surrounding sclerosis, tends to involve the spine, less frequent nocturnal pain
|
|
|
What ages are affected by osteosarcoma?
|
75% of tumors will present in patients younger than 20 yrs
|
|
|
What are common characteristics of osteosarcoma?
|
pain, elevated alkaline phosphatase, predilection for metaphyses of long bone esp knee (distal femur, proximal tibia)
|
|
|
What hereditary conditions predispose a patient to develop osteosarcoma?
|
retinoblastoma, p53 mutation
|
|
|
What type of bone matrix is laid down in osteosarcoma?
|
unmineralized (osteoid)
|
|
|
What site does osteosarcoma often metastasize to?
|
lungs
|
|
|
Which tumor is described as cartilage capped outgrowth attached to underlying skeleton by bony stalk that appears mushroom shaped on radiograph?
|
osteochondroma
|
|
|
What is the most common intraosseous cartilaginous tumor?
|
echondroma (a benign tumor of hyaline cartilage often involving distal extremities)
|
|
|
What age group do cartilage lesions tend to occur in?
|
elderly
|
|
|
How does chondrosarcoma differ from echondroma?
|
chondrosarcoma rarely involves the distal extremities
|
|
|
What tumor presents as lucent soap bubble appearance with a thick rind of bone growth? histologically it has a pinwheel pattern
|
fibrous cortical defect (non-ossifying fibroma)
|
|
|
What fibrous lesion presents with ground glass appearance on radiograph? it looks like irregular alphabet soup
|
fibrous dysplasia
|
|
|
What two markers can be detected in eosinophilic granuloma?
|
nuclear wrinkles and CD1a
|
|
|
What malignant small round cell tumor presents commonly in children?
|
Ewings Sarcoma and PNET
|
|
|
How can you differentiate Ewing sarcoma from lymphoma?
|
Ewing has prominent cytoplasmic glycogen
|
|
|
What is the "onion skin effect" of Ewing sarcoma?
|
the tumor grows through bone and lifts up the periosteum
|
|
|
Which tumor is actually locally aggressive despite the fact that it is a benign tumor?
|
Giant cell tumor (osteoclastoma)...it always affects mature bone
|
|
|
Name cancers that metastasize to bone in adults?
|
adults: prostate, breast, kidney, thyroid, lung
children: Wilms, neuroblastoma, osteosarcoma, Ewing's rhabdomyosarcoma |
|
|
Where do sarcomas metastasize to? carcinomas?
|
sarcomas: hematogenously to lungs
carcinomas: to lymph nodes both: to bone |
