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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is an acquired brain injury? |
Overarching term applied to describe insults to the brain that are not congenital or perinatal in nature. |
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What is a traumatic brain injury? |
Results from mechanical energy to the head from external physical forces. It may involve rapid forward and backward motion or blunt/penetrating force |
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What is cardiovascular disease? |
Disease of the blood vessels supplying the brain. |
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What is a cerebrovascular accident? (CVA) |
"stroke" Sudden onset of neurological deficits due to disruption of blood supply to the brain. Lasts >24 hours No blood flow, no O2 to brain cells --> neural tissue death |
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What is transient ischaemic attack? (TIA) |
Transient episode of neurological dysfunction caused by focal ischeamia without acute infarction. It provides warning of impending stroke Lasting <24 hours |
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What are the non-modifiable risk factors for stroke? |
Age Gender (more common in men) Family history |
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What are the modifiable risk factors of stroke? |
TIA High blood pressure Smoking Obesity Poor diet Diabetes Alcohol Heart disease |
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What is ischaemic stroke? |
Most common =restricted/interupted blood flow Caused by occluded arteries due to blood clots (thombosis or embolism) |
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What is a haemorrhagic stroke? |
Caused by bleeding into brain tissue and spaces Results in focal haematoma and cerebral oedema ---> increased pressure on brain tissue |
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What is a traumatic brain injury? |
structural damage to the head and traumatic/ischemic injury to brain |
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What are the 2 classifications of TBI? |
Closed head injury: acceleration/deceleration injury or blow to head and skull remains intact Open head injury: skull is fractured and brain coverings are torn exposing the brain |
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What is a coup injury? |
Blunt force to head Brain decelerates abruptly by hitting skull Results in contusion at site of impact |
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What is a contrecoup injury? |
Rebound injury on opposite side of brain |
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What are the pathological consequences of TBI? |
Ischemia Haemorrhage Increased ICP Cerebral oedema Herniation |
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What is the normal values for ICP? |
0-15mmHg Can change due to haemorrhage and cerebral oedema |
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What affect does increased ICP have? |
Neurological deterioration Cellular hypoxia and cell death Brain herniation |
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What does a mild head injury/ concussion involve? |
Momentary loss of consciousness |
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What does a moderate head injury involve? |
Period of unconsciousness plus neurological deficits |
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What does a severe head injury involve? |
Coma and severe neurological deficits |
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What are the 2 infectious diseases of CNS? |
Meningitis (infection of meninges) Encephalitis (infection of the brain |
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