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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are the requirements for a hypertensive heart?
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- > 500 grams
- LV thickness > 2cm - concentric, even thickening of the wall - papillary muscle hypertrophy |
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what are the histological changes seen in hypertensive heart?
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- enlarged myocytes
- "boxcar" nuclei - interstitial fibrosis |
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what is the gross appearance of a hypertensive kidney? what is the morphologic pattern in a hypertensive kidney?
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- a pitted surface
- glomerular sclerosis |
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describe the process of cardiac hypertrophy?
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when the heart gets overloaded decompensation occurs. the heart dilates and stretches. the wall thickens, the chamber size becomes smaller, and it gives out and fails
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what are the consequences of heart hypertrophy?
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- absolute risk for sudden death
- arrhythmia - aortic aneurysms and dissections - cerebral infarcts |
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what 2 areas of the brain are very susceptible to intracerebral infarcts?
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- basal ganglia
- pontine vessels |
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what are the 2 types of heart failure?
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- congestive heart failure
- dilated hypertensive heart |
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how does hypertension cause heart failure?
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hypertrophy causes the ventricular chamber to initially be very small, but eventually it stretches out and becomes very large with thin walls
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what are some signs of left sided heart failure?
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- congestion in the lungs (crackles on auscultation)
- shortness of breath - heart failure cell (hemosiderin-laden macrophages) - poorly profused kidneys resulting in azotemia - hypoxic encephalopathy |
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what is the common of right sided heart failure?
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left sided heart failure
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what is cor pulmonale?
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right sided heart failure due to increased resistance of blood flow through the lungs. this results in increased right ventricle work load which causes hypertrophy and eventually lead to failure
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