Pathology Of Infectious Diseases

Front 1

Koch's postulate #1:

Organism is regularly found in ____ associated with disease.

Back 1

lesions

Hint 1

physical manifestation of disease

Front 2

Koch's postulate #2:

Organism can be isolated in __ ___, which determines that the infection is NOT ___.

Back 2

pure culture, mixed (i.e. that the infection is caused by the suspected agent, not something else)

Hint 2

what would determine that the infection is caused by the suspected agent, and not something else?

Front 3

Koch's postulate #3:

___ of cultured organism causes ___ in animal models

Back 3

Inoculation, disease

Hint 3

reproducibility

Front 4

Organism is ___ from ___ in animals inoculated with the organism.

Back 4

recovered, lesions

Hint 4

what would prove organism is causing the same disease in an inoculated animal?

Front 5

Bacterial virulence factors are encoded by mobile genetic elements such as (3):

Back 5

bacteriophages, plasmids, transposons

Hint 5

how resistance genes are spread

Front 6

A fungus that looks and acts like a parasite

Back 6

Pneumocystis jiroveci (carinii)

Front 7

Resemble bacteria but have no ATP synthesis

Back 7

Chlamydophila pneumoniae, psittaci, trachomatis

Front 8

Causes Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever and is deadly because:

Back 8

Rickettsiae

deadly because it is an obligate intracellular bacteria of endothelium and smooth muscle cells

Front 9

The 3 reasons that skin is a good barrier to infection

Back 9

1. dense, keratinized outer layer
2. Low pH
3. Presence of fatty acids, which are toxic to many bacteria

Front 10

Pus and space is occupies causes necrosis

Back 10

Suppuration

Front 11

Damage results from fibrosis and scarring

Back 11

Chronic inflammation

Front 12

Damage is from necrosis, mineralization and scarring

Back 12

Granulomatous inflammation

Front 13

Apoptosis due to immune response to certain viruses

Back 13

Necrosis without inflammation

Front 14

Disseminated intravascular coagulation can be caused by:

Back 14

LPS on gram (-) bacteria cause simultaneous clotting and bleeding and subsequent consumption of coagulation factors

Front 15

Obstruction of blood vessels can be caused by:

Back 15

Fungi-break through smooth muscle cells of blood vessels, spread and can cause thrombosis

Front 16

Obstruction of lymphatics can be caused by:

Back 16

flukes

Front 17

Obstruction of intestinal lumen can be caused by:

Back 17

worms

Front 18

Obstruction of biliary and pancreatic ducts can be caused by:

Back 18

Clonorchis sinensis, from eating raw fish in Far East

Front 19

3 organisms that can cause asphyxiation

Back 19

Haemophilus, Diptheria, Pneumonia

Front 20

What is the difference between Antigenic drift and Antigenic shift?

Back 20

drift is slow and subtle change in surface Ag

shift is sudden and major change in surface Ag-->causes pandemics b/c no immunity

Front 21

You should see __ neutrophil for every 1000 RBCs. If you see more than this, then the condition is called:

Back 21

1, neutrophilia

Front 22

Blue chunks present in neutrophils indicate ___ ____ due to what:

Back 22

Toxic granulation, due to neutrophils producing killing mechanisms in high gear

Front 23

In this condition, you will see distended blood vessels on the bladder, and microscopically, both acute and chronic inflammation:

Back 23

Acute cystitis

Front 24

Pain in the costovertebral angle due to hemotoginously delivered bacteria can cause:

Back 24

Acute Pyelonephritis = acute inflammation in the renal tubules causing renal capsule to stretch

Front 25

On a gram stain, you see purple, lancet-shaped, encapsulated diplococci and neutrophils that fill the alveolar spaces

Back 25

Streptococcus pnuemoniae causing Lobar pnuemonia

Front 26

Caused by bacteria infiltrating blood stream due to Rheumatic fever or a bicuspid aortic valve, this condition is characterized by thrombi forming in response to endothelial damage by bacteria , and the bacteria continuing to grow within the thrombi

Back 26

Infective endocarditis

Front 27

Intracellular bacteria are found within:

Back 27

neutrophils, due to bacteremia

Front 28

Black, necrotic lesions in gray matter of temporal and frontal regions of the brain are caused by what and is called:

Back 28

Herpes Simplex virus, HSV encephalitis

Front 29

A ring of mononuclear cells around a blood vessel caused by HSV encephalitis

Back 29

perivascular cuffing

Front 30

A broad-based budding yeast at body temperature and found in the soil

Back 30

Blastomyces dermatitidis

Front 31

Characterized by 30-80 micron Spherules containing endospores

Back 31

Coccidioides immitis

Front 32

a ubiquitous, Pleomorphic, usually encapsulated yeast that causes meningitis

Back 32

Cryptococcus neoformans

Front 33

An intracelluar (usually neutrophils), small (2-4 micron) yeast

Back 33

Histoplasma capsulatum

Front 34

India ink preparation is used to detect ___, which can often be confused with a white cell

Back 34

Cryptococcus

Front 35

A fungus characterized by morphology similar to a Mariner's wheel

Back 35

Paracoccidioides brasilensis

Front 36

A fungus characterized by elongated yeast cells (cigar bodies) and the splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon (sunburst appearance)

Back 36

Sporothrix schenkii

Front 37

If acute inflammation is ineffective, the next form of inflammation employed is:

Back 37

Mononuclear inflammation

Front 38

If Mononuclear inflammation is ineffective, the next form of inflammation employed is:

Back 38

Granulomatous inflammation

Front 39

Exudate composed mainly of edema, hemorrhage, and fibrin with little to no inflammation

Back 39

Acelluar (Inert, Paucireactive) Inflammation

Front 40

Causes Tinea Versicolor

Back 40

Malessezia furfur

Front 41

Lipid-loving fungus with spaghetti and meatballs appearance under microscope

Back 41

Malessezia furfur

Front 42

Damage to individual host cells with little or no inflammatory response, and is characteristic of certain viral infections

Back 42

Cytopathic-Cytoproliferative Inflammation

Front 43

Epithelial cell hyperplasia (as in poxvirus/molluscum contagiosum)or dysplastic changes and neoplasia of epithelial cells and lymphoid cells (as in HPV and EBV) characterizes:

Back 43

Cytopathic-cytoproliferative inflammation

Front 44

Giant cells made of fused epithelial cells characterize:

Back 44

Measles Giant Cell Pneumonia

Front 45

A volcanic-like lesion with viral inclusions spilling out

Back 45

Molluscum Contagiosum

Front 46

Meningococcemia attacking the adrenal glands, causing widespread hemorrhage and necrosis, and eventual adrenal insufficiency and death

Back 46

Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome in Meningococcemia

Front 47

Meningococcemia is most often caused by this gram (-), biscuit shaped diplococcus

Back 47

Neisseria meninigtidis

Front 48

Large, box-car shaped bacilli causing toxin-induced necrotizing inflammation

Back 48

Bacillus anthracis, Clostridum perfinigens, tetanii & botulinim

Front 49

Characterized by indentation of cytoplasm by RBC's and a small rim of cytoplasm around the nucleus

Back 49

Atypical lymphocytes due to EBV

Front 50

Mononuclear inflammation responding to disease of interstitum, alveolar capillaries, and walls, with pseudomembranes lining alveolar surface

Back 50

Viral pneumonia/pneumonitis caused by mycoplasmal or chlamydial pneumonia

Front 51

A cell with an owl's eye appearance due to nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusions is due to:

Back 51

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)