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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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lactational changes in breast |
increase in # of acini, but no increase in # of cell layers |
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common symptoms of breast disease |
lumpiness, pain (mastalgia or mastodynia), palpable mass (>2cm), nipple discharge (galactorrhea = benign, bloody, unilateral = worrisome) |
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breast lump: <35 yo |
fibroadenoma, mastitis, fat necrosis, carcinoma |
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breast lump: 35-50 yo |
fibrocystic changes, carcinoma, fibroadenoma, fat necrosis, mastitis, papilloma |
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breast lump: >50 yo |
carcinoma, FCC, fat necrosis, Paget's, mastititis, papilloma |
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congenital nipple inversion |
common, corrected spontaneously during pregnancy; clinically significant DDx = cancer, infl. dz of nipple |
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accessory axillary breast tissue |
prophylactic mastectomy may remove entire breast but not all breast epithelium |
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milk line remnants (supernumerary nipples/breasts) |
may be functional (changes w/ menstrual cycle); persistent epidermal thickenings |
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acute mastitis |
1st mo of breastfeeding; causes = Staph (localized), Strep (diffuse) -> lead to neutrophil infiltration or abscess formation; Rx = ABs, surgical drainage |
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acute mastitis |
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squamous metaplasia of lactiferous ducts |
causes = smoking, Vit A deficiency keratin becomes trapped, accumulates; if duct ruptures, inflammatory response to keratin results in erythematous painful mass - may result in fistula tract |
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duct ectasia (dilated ducts) |
5th-6th decade, multiparous; poorly defined palpable periareolar mass; chronic granulomatous infl., macrophages; thick debris in duct |
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duct ectasia |
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fat necrosis |
painless, palpable mass, skin thickening or retraction; see density or calcifications on mam (mimic carcinoma); history of trauma or prior surgery |
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fat necrosis |
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non-proliferative breast changes |
fibrocystic change |
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fibrocystic change |
20-40 years; most common disorder of breast; can have cyst formation, fibrosis, or adenosis; lumpy-bumpy breasts |
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how cysts form in breasts |
dilation and unfolding of lobules -> cystic lobules coalesce -> rupture -> reactive fibrosis |
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apocrine metaplasia - fibrocystic change |
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apocrine cytology - fibrocystic change |
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benign ductal epithelium metaplasia |
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usual ductal hyperplasia |
proliferative breast dz w/o atypia; incr. ductal epithelial cell layers |
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usual ductal hyperplasia (mild) |
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florid usual ductal hyperplasia |
proliferative breast dz w/o atypia; >4 cell layers; ducts and lobules expanded, irregular lumens at periphery |
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usual ductal hyperplasia - florid |
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sclerosing adenosis |
proliferative breast dz w/o atypia; cancer mimic; glandular crowding & stromal fibrosis; lots of acini |
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sclerosing adenosis |
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radial scar (complex sclerosing lesion) |
proliferative breast dz w/o atypia; poorly circumscribed, radiating out (mimics cancer); see spokes of fibrotic tissue & small glands |
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radial scar (complex sclerosing lesion) |
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intraductal papilloma |
proliferative breast dz w/o atypia; solitary lesion in major ducts near nipple; 40-50 y/o; most common cause of bloody nipple discharge; see frond-like projections of stroma covered by ductal epithelium |
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intraductal papilloma |
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gynecomastia |
male breast enlarged due to excess estrogen (puberty, old age, Klinefelter's, Leydig cell tumor, cirrosis) and drugs (alcohol, marijuana, heroin, antiretroviral therapy, anabolic steroids) |
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gynecomastia |
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atypical ductal hyperplasia |
proliferative breast dz w/ atypia; resembles DCIS |
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atypical ductal hyperplasia |
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LCIS vs atypical lobular hyperplasia |
LCIS = dyshesive, uniform cells filling & distending >50% of spaces in TDLU ALH = no distention of acinar spaces (>50%) |
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fibroadenoma |
proliferative breast dz w/o atypia; common in reproductive age; stromal & glandular hyperplasia; firm, rubbery, painless & mobile; no sig. incr. risk of malignancy; change w/ menstrual cycle, preg. and menopause |
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fibroadenoma |
stromal tumor w/ smooth capsule and fleshy cut surface; slit-like ducts and loose fibrous stroma |
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fibroadenoma |
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Phyllodes tumor |
stromal tumor; develop from intralobular stroma, larger than fibroadenoma, 10-20 years later than FA, more cellular stroma; most benign; stromal component can metastasize |
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Phyllodes tumor |
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benign phyllodes tumor - higher power |
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malignant phyllodes tumor |
