Pathology (Ny!)

Front 1

Which of the following is/are true of gout?
- only a chronic form of gouty arthritis is known
- acute gouty arthritis is dominated by macrophages in the inflammatory infiltrate
- belongs to a group of crystal arthropathies
- polymorphonuclears are involved in the acute phase of joint inflammation

Back 1

Which of the following is/are true of gout?
- belongs to a group of crystal arthropathies+
- polymorphonuclears are involved in the acute phase of joint inflammation+

Front 2

Which of the following is/are true of gout?
- soft tissues are not affected by pathological deposits
- polymorphonuclears are involved in the acute phase of joint inflammation
- gouty tophi are a manifestations of acute inflammation
- gouty tophi are a manifestation of chronic inflammation

Back 2

Which of the following is/are true of gout?
- polymorphonuclears are involved in the acute phase of joint inflammation+
- gouty tophi are a manifestation of chronic inflammation+

Front 3

Which of the following is/are true of gout?
- we can distinguish between primary and secondary gout
- crystals of uric acid salts have a characteristic shape of an envelope
- affects soft tissues of the joint and adjacent bone
- giant cell inflammatory response is not included among gouty morphological changes

Back 3

Which of the following is/are true of gout?
- we can distinguish between primary and secondary gout+
- affects soft tissues of the joint and adjacent bone+

Front 4

Which of the following is/are true of pseudogout?
- a synonym is arthritis calcinosa
- a synonym is arthritis urticaria
- a synonym is chondrocalcinosis
- a synonym is osteonecrosis

Back 4

Which of the following is/are true of pseudogout?
- a synonym is arthritis calcinosa+
- a synonym is chondrocalcinosis+

Front 5

Which of the following is/are true of pseudogout?
- a synonym is arthritis urica
- deposition of crystals in the joints occurs
- in a histological diagnosis von Kossa, a staining reaction is used
- giant cell inflammatory response is not included among gouty morphological changes

Back 5

Which of the following is/are true of pseudogout?
- deposition of crystals in the joints occurs+
- in a histological diagnosis von Kossa, a staining reaction is used+

Front 6

Which of the following is/are true of pseudogout?
- a synonym is arthritis calcinosa
- occurs during the deposition of salts of uric acid in joints
- occurs during the deposition of calcium salts in joints
- polarized light is not used in histological diagnosis

Back 6

Which of the following is/are true of pseudogout?
- a synonym is arthritis calcinosa+
- occurs during the deposition of calcium salts in joints+

Front 7

Which of the following is/are true of ochronosis?
- manifests as a deposition of homogentisic acid
- shows homovanilmandelic acid deposition
- arthritis is a part of the clinical manifestations of the disease
- arthritis is not part of the clinical manifestations of the disease

Back 7

Which of the following is/are true of ochronosis?
- manifests as a deposition of homogentisic acid+
- arthritis is a part of the clinical manifestations of the disease+

Front 8

Which of the following is/are true of ochronosis?
- manifests as a black discoloration of cartilage
- manifests as blue colored sclera
- costal and bronchial cartilages are involved
- bronchial and costal cartilages are never affected

Back 8

Which of the following is/are true of ochronosis?
- manifests as a black discoloration of cartilage+
- costal and bronchial cartilages are involved+

Front 9

Which of the following is/are true of ochronosis?
- manifests as a red coloration of cartilage
- microscopically a black granular pigment can be found in cartilage
- arthritis at a young age is a typical part of the disease
- soft tissues are never colored with pigment

Back 9

Which of the following is/are true of ochronosis?
- microscopically a black granular pigment can be found in cartilage+
- arthritis at a young age is a typical part of the disease+

Front 10

Which of the following is/are true of ochronosis?
- manifests as a black discoloration of cartilage
- microscopically hemosiderin is found in cartilage
- secondary ochronosis occurs with prolonged use of phenol
- arthritis is not a part of the clinical manifestations of the disease

Back 10

Which of the following is/are true of ochronosis?
- manifests as a black discoloration of cartilage+
- secondary ochronosis occurs with prolonged use of phenol+

Front 11

Which of the following is/are true of synovial osteochondromatosis?
- is a degenerative disease
- occurs congenitally
- is a tumor of joints
- nodes in the joint correspond to chondromas

Back 11

Which of the following is/are true of synovial osteochondromatosis?
- is a tumor of joints+
- nodes in the joint correspond to chondromas+

Front 12

Which of the following is/are true of synovial osteochondromatosis?
- is a inflammatory disease
- pathological foci are located in the synovial membrane
- the border of pathological lesions compared to surrounding tissue is typically sharp
- nodes in the joint correspond to chordomas

Back 12

Which of the following is/are true of synovial osteochondromatosis?
- pathological foci are located in the synovial membrane+
- the border of pathological lesions compared to surrounding tissue is typically sharp+

Front 13

Which of the following is/are true of synovial osteochondromatosis?
- is a metabolic defect
- pathologic deposits are mostly multiple
- does not lead to clinically manifested locomotion disorders
- is rarely complicated by chondrosarcoma

Back 13

Which of the following is/are true of synovial osteochondromatosis?
- pathologic deposits are mostly multiple+
- is rarely complicated by chondrosarcoma +

Front 14

Which of the following is/are true of villoglandular pigmented synovitis?
- is a metabolic defect
- pathological foci are isolated and never fuse
- clinically threaten complete destruction of the joint
- pathological deposits can be demonstrated histochemically with Perls reaction

Back 14

Which of the following is/are true of villoglandular pigmented synovitis?
- clinically threaten complete destruction of the joint+
- pathological deposits can be demonstrated histochemically with Perls reaction+

Front 15

Which of the following is/are true of villoglandular pigmented synovitis?
- is a degenerative disease
- is not related to giant cell tumors of tendon sheaths
- is a tumor of joints
- exhibits pathological hemosiderin pigmentation

Back 15

Which of the following is/are true of villoglandular pigmented synovitis?
- is a tumor of joints+
- exhibits pathological hemosiderin pigmentation+

Front 16

Which of the following is/are true of villoglandular pigmented synovitis?
- pathological deposits can be demonstrated histochemically with the PAS reaction
- pathologic deposits can be demonstrated histochemically with the Perls reaction
- shows a pathological lipofuscin pigmentation
- exhibits pathological hemosiderin pigmentation

Back 16

Which of the following is/are true of villoglandular pigmented synovitis?
- pathologic deposits can be demonstrated histochemically with the Perls reaction+
- exhibits pathological hemosiderin pigmentation+

Front 17

Which of the following is/are true of villoglandular pigmented synovitis?
- is a degenerative disease
- corresponds microscopically to giant cell tumors of tendon sheaths
- typically shows the presence of giant multinucleated cells
- multinucleated giant cells are typically not present

Back 17

Which of the following is/are true of villoglandular pigmented synovitis?
- corresponds microscopically to giant cell tumors of tendon sheaths+
- typically shows the presence of giant multinucleated cells+

Front 18

Which of the following is/are true of synovial sarcoma?
- typically arises inside joints
- is a soft tissue carcinosarcoma
- a tumor of uncertain histogenesis
- a tumor with an excellent prognosis

Back 18

Which of the following is/are true of synovial sarcoma?
- is a soft tissue carcinosarcoma+
- a tumor of uncertain histogenesis+

Front 19

Which of the following is/are true of synovial sarcoma?
- typically arises out of a joint
- is a fibroadenoma soft tissue
- is a mixed tumor
- never shows mucus deposition

Back 19

Which of the following is/are true of synovial sarcoma?
- typically arises out of a joint+
- is a mixed tumor+

Front 20

Which of the following is/are true of synovial sarcoma?
- typically metastasizes to lungs
- never metastasizes, only recurs locally
- generally shows a biphasic arrangement
- never shows mucus deposition

Back 20

Which of the following is/are true of synovial sarcoma?
- typically metastasizes to lungs+
- generally shows a biphasic arrangement+

Front 21

Which of the following is/are true of Paget's disease?
- a synonym is ostitis deformans
- it is a common disease of blacks
- is not genetically based
- a monostotic form of the disease has also been described

Back 21

Which of the following is/are true of Paget's disease?
- a synonym is ostitis deformans+
- a monostotic form of the disease has also been described+

Front 22

Which of the following is/are true of Paget's disease?
- a synonym is fibrous dysplasia
- typically affects whites
- is not related to viral infections
- a polyostotic form of the disease is also described

Back 22

Which of the following is/are true of Paget's disease?
- typically affects whites+
- a polyostotic form of the disease is also described+

Front 23

Which of the following is/are true of Paget's disease?
- a synonym is fibrous dystrophy
- it is a common disease of ethnic Asians
- microscopically we find non-caseous granulomas
- microscopically we find mosaic bone

Back 23

Which of the following is/are true of Paget's disease?
- it is a common disease of ethnic Asians+
- microscopically we find mosaic bone+

Front 24

Which of the following is/are true of osteomyelitis?
- hematogenous spreading typically affects diaphysis of long bones
- hematogenous spreading typically affects metaphyses of long bones
- hematogenous origin is typical in adults
- hematogenous origin is typical in children

Back 24

Which of the following is/are true of osteomyelitis?
- hematogenous spreading typically affects metaphyses of long bones+
- hematogenous origin is typical in children +

Front 25

Which of the following is/are true of osteomyelitis?
- purulent exudate typically spreads through Havers channels into the joint cavity
- purulent exudate typically spreads through Havers channels under the periosteum
- disease has a tendency to become chronic
- walls of the abscess cavity in the bone typically do not collapse

Back 25

Which of the following is/are true of osteomyelitis?
- purulent exudate typically spreads through Havers channels under the periosteum+
- walls of the abscess cavity in the bone typically do not collapse+

Front 26

Which of the following is/are true of osteomyelitis?
- in the acute phase of the disease sequestra take origin
- an acute phase of the disease has the character of an abscess
- sequestra represents necrotic bone tissue
- sequestra is vital bone tissue

Back 26

Which of the following is/are true of osteomyelitis?
- an acute phase of the disease has the character of an abscess+
- sequestra represents necrotic bone tissue+

Front 27

Which of the following is/are NOT true of osteomyelitis?
- in the acute phase of the disease sequestra take origin
- sequestra typically arise in the chronic phase of the disease
- disease can be associated with AA amyloidosis
- disease may be associated with AL amyloidosis

Back 27

Which of the following is/are NOT true of osteomyelitis?
- in the acute phase of the disease sequestra take origin+
- disease may be associated with AL amyloidosis+

Front 28

Which of the following is/are true of bone TB?
- typically there is direct spread of mycobacteria into bones
- typically bones of calva are affected
- manifests in the form of cold abscesses
- we can distinguish exudative and proliferative forms (fungus)

Back 28

Which of the following is/are true of bone TB?
- manifests in the form of cold abscesses+
- we can distinguish exudative and proliferative forms (fungus)+

Front 29

Which of the following is/are true of bone TB?
- there is typically a hematogenous spread of mycobacteria into bones
- the acute phase of the disease has the character of abscess
- can manifest as a destruction of bone (caries)
- the basic morphological characteristics of the disease include pannus

Back 29

Which of the following is/are true of bone TB?
- there is typically a hematogenous spread of mycobacteria into bones+
- can manifest as a destruction of bone (caries)+

Front 30

Which of the following is/are true of bone TB?
- there is typically a hematogenous spread of mycobacteria during childhood
- gibbus is caused by a collapse of the ribs
- TB osteomyelitis typically occurs in the spine
- the disease is caused by an acid resistant cocci

Back 30

Which of the following is/are true of bone TB?
- there is typically a hematogenous spread of mycobacteria during childhood+
- TB osteomyelitis typically occurs in the spine+

Front 31

Which of the following is/are true of bone cysts?
- solitary bone cysts typically shows multiple compartments
- aneurysmal bone cysts are typically unicameral
- aneurysmal bone cysts typically contains blood
- a synonymous term for a juxtaarticular bone cyst is intraosseous ganglion

Back 31

Which of the following is/are true of bone cysts?
- aneurysmal bone cysts typically contains blood+
- a synonymous term for a juxtaarticular bone cyst is intraosseous ganglion+

Front 32

Which of the following is/are true of bone cysts?
- solitary bone cysts are typically unicameral
- aneurysmal bone cysts typically shows multiple compartments
- aneurysmal bone cysts typically contains endothelial lining
- intraosseous ganglion is not related to the synovial lining of the joint

Back 32

Which of the following is/are true of bone cysts?
- solitary bone cysts are typically unicameral+
- aneurysmal bone cysts typically shows multiple compartments+

Front 33

Which of the following is/are true of fibrous dysplasia?
- it is a metabolic defect
- affected bones are not deformed
- typically affects young individuals
- may be rarely complicated by a malignant tumor

Back 33

Which of the following is/are true of fibrous dysplasia?
- typically affects young individuals+
- may be rarely complicated by a malignant tumor+

Front 34

Which of the following is/are true of fibrous dysplasia?
- it is a degenerative disease
- always affects multiple bones
- is part of the McCune-Albright syndrome
- bone trabeculae are formed by primary bone

Back 34

Which of the following is/are true of fibrous dysplasia?
- is part of the McCune-Albright syndrome+
- bone trabeculae are formed by primary bone+

Front 35

Which of the following is/are true of fibrous dysplasia?
- it is an inflammatory disease
- is always a disability of only one bone
- there is a genetic basis for the disease
- bone trabeculae have a characteristic shape of the letter C and / or O within the lesion

Back 35

Which of the following is/are true of fibrous dysplasia?
- there is a genetic basis for the disease+
- bone trabeculae have a characteristic shape of the letter C and / or O within the lesion+

Front 36

Which of the following is/are true of fibrous dysplasia?
- is associated with renal failure
- it is a disability of one or more bones
- it is a congenital disorder of bone maturation
- bone tissue in the lesion develops normally

Back 36

Which of the following is/are true of fibrous dysplasia?
- it is a disability of one or more bones+
- it is a congenital disorder of bone maturation+

Front 37

Which of the following is/are true of fibrous osteodystrophy?
- it is a congenital metabolic defect
- is a term synonymous with fibrous dysplasia
- is the change of bones in hyperparathyroidism
- manifests as bone deformity

Back 37

Which of the following is/are true of fibrous osteodystrophy?
- is the change of bones in hyperparathyroidism+
- manifests as bone deformity+

Front 38

Which of the following is/are true of fibrous osteodystrophy?
- it is an inflammatory disease
- can manifest as a fracture
- skeleton involvement may be accompanied with the presence of brown tumors
- metaphyseal fibrous defects regularly occur in the disease

Back 38

Which of the following is/are true of fibrous osteodystrophy?
- can manifest as a fracture+
- skeleton involvement may be accompanied with the presence of brown tumors+

Front 39

Which of the following is/are true of fibrous osteodystrophy?
- it is a degenerative disease
- bones are typically soft and in advanced stages can be sliced with a knife
- bone cyst may occur
- is a change in bone tissue during hyperthyroidism

Back 39

Which of the following is/are true of fibrous osteodystrophy?
- bones are typically soft and in advanced stages can be sliced with a knife+
- bone cyst may occur+

Front 40

Which of the following is/are true of syphilis of the bones?
- a congenital form of the disease has not yet been described
- morphologic manifestation may be a gumma
- may result in the formation of a second cortical periosteum
- bone tissue changes occur during the primary stage of the disease

Back 40

Which of the following is/are true of syphilis of the bones?
- morphologic manifestation may be a gumma+
- may result in the formation of a second cortical periosteum+

Front 41

Which of the following is/are true of osteoporosis?
- a localized form is called atrophy of the bone
- is the loss of mineralized bone tissue components only
- is a precancerous condition
- affected bone trabeculae show histologically normal construction

Back 41

Which of the following is/are true of osteoporosis?
- a localized form is called atrophy of the bone+
- affected bone trabeculae show histologically normal construction+

Front 42

Which of the following is/are true of osteoporosis?
- it is a diffuse disease of the skeleton
- localized osteoporosis can occur in patients with chronic rheumatoid arthritis in adjacent joints with ankylosis
- it is a precancerous lesion
- it is a precancerous condition

Back 42

Which of the following is/are true of osteoporosis?
- it is a diffuse disease of the skeleton+
- localized osteoporosis can occur in patients with chronic rheumatoid arthritis in adjacent joints with ankylosis+

Front 43

Which of the following is/are true of osteoporosis?
- localized form is called osteopenia
- is a loss of non-mineralized bone tissue components only
- occurs in women in relation to menopause
- occurs in women as senile osteoporosis

Back 43

Which of the following is/are true of osteoporosis?
- occurs in women in relation to menopause+
- occurs in women as senile osteoporosis+

Front 44

Which of the following is/are true of osteoporosis?
- diffuse form is called atrophy of bones
- is the loss of mineralized and non-mineralized bone components
- occurs in men in the context of low levels of estrogen
- occurs in men as senile osteoporosis

Back 44

Which of the following is/are true of osteoporosis?
- is the loss of mineralized and non-mineralized bone components+
- occurs in men as senile osteoporosis+

Front 45

Which of the following is/are true of osteoporosis?
- localized form never occurs
- affected bone is soft and breaks easily
- fractures in osteoporosis are absent
- is not a precancerous

Back 45

Which of the following is/are true of osteoporosis?
- affected bone is soft and breaks easily +
- is not a precancerous+

Front 46

Which of the following is/are true of osteoporosis?
- generalized form never occurs
- microscopically it is the loss of normally developed bone tissue
- secondary osteoporosis can be, for example, caused by drugs
- is typically complicated by the deposition of amyloid

Back 46

Which of the following is/are true of osteoporosis?
- microscopically it is the loss of normally developed bone tissue+
- secondary osteoporosis can be, for example, caused by drugs+

Front 47

Which of the following is/are true of necrosis of bones?
- a synonym is a bone infarct
- microscopically it is a characteristic atrophy
- skeletal stability is compromised
- Kohler's disease affects the femoral head

Back 47

Which of the following is/are true of necrosis of bones?
- a synonym is a bone infarct+
- skeletal stability is compromised+

Front 48

Which of the following is/are true of necrosis of bones?
- bone marrow necrosis also occurs during the necrosis of bone
- adjacent bone marrow to the necrosis typically is not affected
- necrotic bone trabeculae are resorbed
- Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease affects the femoral head

Back 48

Which of the following is/are true of necrosis of bones?
- bone marrow necrosis also occurs during the necrosis of bone+
- Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease affects the femoral head+

Front 49

Which of the following is/are true of necrosis of bones?
- cell nuclei of necrotic osteocytes lose dyeability
- is not a premalignant condition
- is typically complicated by the deposition of amyloid
- Kohler's disease the affects os naviculare

Back 49

Which of the following is/are true of necrosis of bones?
- cell nuclei of necrotic osteocytes lose dyeability +
- Kohler's disease the affects os naviculare+

Front 50

Which of the following is/are true of necrosis of bones?
- Kohler's disease is an example of traumatic necrosis
- tumors can arise in old bone infarcts
- Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease is an example of aseptic necrosis
- Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease affects os navicular

Back 50

Which of the following is/are true of necrosis of bones?
- tumors can arise in old bone infarcts+
- Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease is an example of aseptic necrosis+

Front 51

Which of the following is/are true of osteogenic tumors?
- osteoma typically occurs in pelvic bones
- osteoid osteoma consists of a nidus and sclerotic rim
- osteoblastoma is a malignant tumor
- conventional osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumor

Back 51

Which of the following is/are true of osteogenic tumors?
- osteoid osteoma consists of a nidus and sclerotic rim+
- conventional osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumor+

Front 52

Which of the following is/are true of osteogenic tumors?
- osteoma typically occurs in facial bones and the skull
- osteoid osteoma consists of a nidus and sclerotic rim
- osteoblastoma is a malignant, locally aggressive tumor
- conventional osteosarcoma is not related to Paget's disease

Back 52

Which of the following is/are true of osteogenic tumors?
- osteoma typically occurs in facial bones and the skull+
- osteoid osteoma consists of a nidus and sclerotic rim+

Front 53

Which of the following is/are true of osteogenic tumors?
- osteoma is considered a hamartoma
- osteoid osteoma is part of Gardner's syndrome
- osteoblastoma histologically corresponds to osteoid osteoma
- conventional osteosarcoma typically occurs in adulthood

Back 53

Which of the following is/are true of osteogenic tumors?
- osteoma is considered a hamartoma+
- osteoblastoma histologically corresponds to osteoid osteoma+

Front 54

Which of the following is/are true of osteogenic tumors?
- multiple osteoma is a part of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
- osteoid osteoma occurs most frequently in the young, less than 20 years of age
- osteoblastoma is a frequent tumor in adults
- conventional osteosarcoma typically causes hematogenous metastases

Back 54

Which of the following is/are true of osteogenic tumors?
- osteoid osteoma occurs most frequently in the young, less than 20 years of age+
- conventional osteosarcoma typically causes hematogenous metastases+

Front 55

Which of the following is/are true of osteogenic tumors?
- osteoma is part of Gardner's syndrome
- osteoid osteoma is part of Gardner's syndrome
- osteoblastoma is often associated with polyposis of the colon and benign soft tissue tumors
- conventional osteosarcoma has a telangiectatic variant

Back 55

Which of the following is/are true of osteogenic tumors?
- osteoma is part of Gardner's syndrome+
- conventional osteosarcoma has a telangiectatic variant+

Front 56

Which of the following is/are true of osteogenic tumors?
- osteoma is often associated with polyposis of the colon and benign soft tissue tumors
- osteoid osteoma is part of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
- telangiectatic variant of conventional osteosarcoma has a very poor prognosis
- telangiectatic variant of conventional osteosarcoma has a favorable prognosis

Back 56

Which of the following is/are true of osteogenic tumors?
- osteoma is often associated with polyposis of the colon and benign soft tissue tumors+
- telangiectatic variant of conventional osteosarcoma has a very poor prognosis+

Front 57

Which of the following is/are true of osteogenic tumors?
- osteoma is not part of Gardner's syndrome
- osteoid osteoma typically manifests with pain
- osteoblastoma is not part of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
- conventional osteosarcoma is an example of a surface osteosarcoma

Back 57

Which of the following is/are true of osteogenic tumors?
- osteoid osteoma typically manifests with pain+
- osteoblastoma is not part of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome+

Front 58

Which of the following is/are true of osteogenic tumors?
- osteoma is not part of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
- osteoid osteoma typically occurs in facial bones and the skull
- osteoblastoma differs from osteoid osteoma only in size and lack of a sclerotic rim
- parosteal (juxtacortical) osteosarcoma is prognostically unfavorable

Back 58

Which of the following is/are true of osteogenic tumors?
- osteoma is not part of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome+
- osteoblastoma differs from osteoid osteoma only in size and lack of a sclerotic rim+

Front 59

Which of the following is/are true of osteogenic tumors?
- osteoma is associated with polyposis of the colon and benign soft tissue tumors in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
- osteoid osteoma is associated with polyposis of the colon and benign soft tissue tumors in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
- osteoblastoma is a rare benign, locally aggressive tumor
- parosteal (juxtacortical) osteosarcoma is a tumor with a relatively good prognosis

Back 59

Which of the following is/are true of osteogenic tumors?
- osteoblastoma is a rare benign, locally aggressive tumor+
- parosteal (juxtacortical) osteosarcoma is a tumor with a relatively good prognosis+

Front 60

Which of the following is/are true of osteogenic tumors?
- osteoma is associated with polyposis of the colon and benign soft tissue tumors in Gardner's syndrome
- osteoid osteoma is associated with polyposis of the colon and benign soft tissue tumors in Gardner's syndrome
- osteoblastoma is associated with polyposis of the colon and benign soft tissue tumors in Gardner's syndrome
- peripheral osteosarcomas grow primarily on the bone surface

Back 60

Which of the following is/are true of osteogenic tumors?
- osteoma is associated with polyposis of the colon and benign soft tissue tumors in Gardner's syndrome+
- peripheral osteosarcomas grow primarily on the bone surface+

Front 61

Which of the following is/are true of chondrogenic tumors?
- chondroma typically occurs in facial bones and the skull
- osteochondroma is a synonym for osteocartilaginous exostosis
- chondroblastoma is a malignant tumor
- classical (conventional) chondrosarcoma arises mainly in the pelvis, femur and shoulder joint

Back 61

Which of the following is/are true of chondrogenic tumors?
- osteochondroma is a synonym for osteocartilaginous exostosis+
- classical (conventional) chondrosarcoma arises mainly in the pelvis, femur and shoulder joint+

Front 62

Which of the following is/are true of chondrogenic tumors?
- chondroma typically occur in short tubular bones of the hands and feet
- osteochondroma is a true tumor
- chondroblastoma is a locally aggressive benign tumor
- periosteal chondrosarcoma has a significantly worse prognosis compared with classic (conventional) chondrosarcoma

Back 62

Which of the following is/are true of chondrogenic tumors?
- chondroma typically occur in short tubular bones of the hands and feet+
- chondroblastoma is a locally aggressive benign tumor+

Front 63

Which of the following is/are true of chondrogenic tumors?
- chondroma never turns malignant
- Ollier disease is characterized by the occurrence of multiple osteochondromas
- chondroblastoma occurs in the epiphysis of individuals younger than 20 years
- periosteal chondrosarcoma has a better prognosis compared with classic (conventional) chondrosarcoma

Back 63

Which of the following is/are true of chondrogenic tumors?
- chondroblastoma occurs in the epiphysis of individuals younger than 20 years+
- periosteal chondrosarcoma has a better prognosis compared with classic (conventional) chondrosarcoma+

Front 64

Which of the following is/are true of chondrogenic tumors?
- Ollier disease is not a predisposing factor for malignant tumors
- osteochondroma rarely turns malignant
- Ollier disease is characterized by the occurrence of multiple chordomas
- five-year survival is not a cure criteria for chondrosarcoma

Back 64

Which of the following is/are true of chondrogenic tumors?
- osteochondroma rarely turns malignant+
- five-year survival is not a cure criteria for chondrosarcoma+

Front 65

Which of the following is/are true of chondrogenic tumors?
- Ollier disease is characterized by the occurrence of multiple chondromas
- osteochondroma originate within the diaphysis of long bones
- chondromyxoid fibroma occurs in the metaphyses of individuals younger than 20 years
- five-year survival rate is a key cure criteria for chondrosarcoma

Back 65

Which of the following is/are true of chondrogenic tumors?
- Ollier disease is characterized by the occurrence of multiple chondromas+
- chondromyxoid fibroma occurs in the metaphyses of individuals younger than 20 years+

Front 66

Which of the following is/are true of giant cell bone tumors?
- tumors have a clear osteoplastic character
- this is an entirely benign tumor
- does not arise in association with fibrous osteodystrophy
- it is a tumor of adulthood

Back 66

Which of the following is/are true of giant cell bone tumors?
- does not arise in association with fibrous osteodystrophy+
- it is a tumor of adulthood+

Front 67

Which of the following is/are true of giant cell bone tumors?
- the tumor has a clear osteolytic character
- it is always a malignant tumor
- tumor arises in association with fibrous osteodystrophy
- corresponds morphologically to brown bone tumors

Back 67

Which of the following is/are true of giant cell bone tumors?
- the tumor has a clear osteolytic character+
- corresponds morphologically to brown bone tumors+

Front 68

Which of the following is/are true of giant cell bone tumors?
- tumor arises in the epiphysis of long bones
- is a potentially malignant tumor
- tumor arises in association with fibrous dysplasia of bones
- is one of the stages of fibrous osteodystrophy

Back 68

Which of the following is/are true of giant cell bone tumors?
- tumor arises in the epiphysis of long bones+
- is a potentially malignant tumor+

Front 69

Which of the following is/are true of Ewing's sarcoma?
- tumor typically occurs in facial bones and the skull
- consists of small blue cells
- shows neuroectodermal origin
- despite treatment the tumor has an unfavorable prognosis

Back 69

Which of the following is/are true of Ewing's sarcoma?
- consists of small blue cells+
- shows neuroectodermal origin+

Front 70

Which of the following is/are true of Ewing's sarcoma?
- tumor typically occurs in diaphyses and metaphyses of long bones
- consists of large eosinophilic cells
- shows neuroendocrine differentiation
- shows a typical translocation t (11; 22) (q24, q12)

Back 70

Which of the following is/are true of Ewing's sarcoma?
- tumor typically occurs in diaphyses and metaphyses of long bones+
- shows a typical translocation t (11; 22) (q24, q12)+

Front 71

Which of the following is typical of rheumatoid arthritis?
- deposits of uric acid in the joint cavity
- presence of IgG autoantibodies called rheumatoid factor
- nonspecific growth of granulation tissue - panus in joints
- antinuclear antibodies in serum (ANCA)

Back 71

Which of the following is typical of rheumatoid arthritis?
- presence of IgG autoantibodies called rheumatoid factor+
- nonspecific growth of granulation tissue - panus in joints+

Front 72

Which change/s in the development of osteoarthritis has/have significant pathogenetic importance in the initial phase?
- acute inflammation of a synovial membrane
- proliferation of synovial membrane
- change in the composition of cartilage proteoglycans
- reduction of chondrocyte populations in articular cartilage

Back 72

Which change/s in the development of osteoarthritis has/have significant pathogenetic importance in the initial phase?
- change in the composition of cartilage proteoglycans+
- reduction of chondrocyte populations in articular cartilage+

Front 73

Which joints are most frequently affected in osteoarthritis?
- elbow joint
- hip
- knee
- there is NO topical predilection

Back 73

Which joints are most frequently affected in osteoarthritis?
- hip+
- knee+

Front 74

Which of the following factors is/are not involved in the creation and development of osteoporosis?
- postmenopause
- bedridden patients
- diabetes mellitus type I
- Paget disease

Back 74

Which of the following factors is/are not involved in the creation and development of osteoporosis?
- diabetes mellitus type I+
- Paget disease+

Front 75

Which of the following metabolically determined diseases also damage joints and cause arthritis?
- alkaptonuria
- diabetes mellitus
- gout
- hyperaldosteronism

Back 75

Which of the following metabolically determined diseases also damage joints and cause arthritis?
- alkaptonuria+
- gout+

Front 76

Which of the following is/are true of fibrous dysplasia?
- bone lesions which are typical during child and adolescent ages
- it is a disease that predisposes bones to malignancies
- benign bone disease
- another name for chronic osteomyelitis

Back 76

Which of the following is/are true of fibrous dysplasia?
- bone lesions which are typical during child and adolescent ages +
- benign bone disease+

Front 77

Which of the following diseases can arise within Paget disease later in life:
- plasmacytoma and other tumors in the bone marrow
- osteosarcoma
- bone tuberculosis
- primary bone tumors

Back 77

Which of the following diseases can arise within Paget disease later in life:
- osteosarcoma+
- primary bone tumors+

Front 78

Which of the following diseases are classified as a type of seronegative arthritis?
- Reiter's syndrome
- psoriatic arthritis
- rheumatoid arthritis
- Felty's syndrome

Back 78

Which of the following diseases are classified as a type of seronegative arthritis?
- Reiter's syndrome+
- psoriatic arthritis+

Front 79

Which of the following states/conditions does not predisposed a person to the development of osteoarthritis?
- obesity
- healed local trauma
- Hashimoto's thyroiditis
- Addison disease

Back 79

Which of the following states/conditions does not predisposed a person to the development of osteoarthritis?
- Hashimoto's thyroiditis+
- Addison disease+

Front 80

Which of the following conditions are not associated with increased osteoclast activity?
- hyperkalemia
- late phase of Paget's disease of the bone
- hyperparathyroidism
- NONE of the above

Back 80

Which of the following conditions are not associated with increased osteoclast activity?
- hyperkalemia+
- late phase of Paget's disease of the bone+

Front 81

Legg-Calve-Perthes disease is usually not found in:
- boys aged 16-20 years
- boys aged 4-10 years
- girls aged 10-16 years
- NONE of the above

Back 81

Legg-Calve-Perthes disease is usually not found in:
- boys aged 16-20 years+
- girls aged 10-16 years+

Front 82

Which of the following is/are true of staphylococcal infection of long bones in children?
- there is a hematogenous spread
- the condition has not yet been described
- there is direct implantation of infectious agents
- hematogenous spread generally does not occur

Back 82

Which of the following is/are true of staphylococcal infection of long bones in children?
- there is a hematogenous spread+
- there is direct implantation of infectious agents+

Front 83

Which of the following disease shows the presence of non-mineralized osteoid formations?
- Rickets
- osteomalacia
- achondroplasia
- osteogenesis imperfecta

Back 83

Which of the following disease shows the presence of non-mineralized osteoid formations?
- Rickets+
- osteomalacia+

Front 84

Which of the following diseases is/are more common in older males?
- fibrous dysplasia
- Rickets
- Paget's disease
- bone metastases

Back 84

Which of the following diseases is/are more common in older males?
- Paget's disease+
- bone metastases+

Front 85

32-year-old woman complains of pain and stiffness of joints. She argues that her difficulties have been present for at least six months. On physical examination a symmetrical erythema with swelling of phalangeal-metacarpal joints was detected. What is the most likely pathology?
- non-specific granulation tissue formation
- hyperplastic and disorganized cartilage
- crystals in joint fluid
- proliferative synovitis

Back 85

32-year-old woman complains of pain and stiffness of joints. She argues that her difficulties have been present for at least six months. On physical examination a symmetrical erythema with swelling of phalangeal-metacarpal joints was detected. What is the most likely pathology?
- non-specific granulation tissue formation+
- proliferative synovitis+

Front 86

Which of the following statements about bone sequestra is/are true?
- it is not mineralized
- shows a multiplication of osteoblasts
- can remain in tissue for long time
- it is a necrotic bone fragment

Back 86

Which of the following statements about bone sequestra is/are true?
- can remain in tissue for long time+
- it is a necrotic bone fragment+

Front 87

A man (60) is brought to the emergency room with left leg pain in the hip area, it happened when getting up from a chair. X-ray shows a fracture line running through the neck and the presence of lytic deposits in fractures. Chest X-ray shows irregular shading of the upper lobe of the right lung. The fracture can be described as:
- comminutive
- pathological
- depressed
- arising out of suspected tumor metastasis

Back 87

A man (60) is brought to the emergency room with left leg pain in the hip area, it happened when getting up from a chair. X-ray shows a fracture line running through the neck and the presence of lytic deposits in fractures. Chest X-ray shows irregular shading of the upper lobe of the right lung. The fracture can be described as:
- pathological+
- arising out of suspected tumor metastasis+

Front 88

Which of the following is/are clinically significant late complication/s of osteoarthritis?
- thickening of subchondral bone
- joint effusions
- loss of cartilage
- atrophy of synovial membrane

Back 88

Which of the following is/are clinically significant late complication/s of osteoarthritis?
- thickening of subchondral bone+
- loss of cartilage+

Front 89

Which of the following is/are the most common locations for osteoblastoma?
- phalanx of fingers
- a long bone
- spine
- bones of the skull

Back 89

Which of the following is/are the most common locations for osteoblastoma?
- a long bone+
- spine+

Front 90

Which of the following is/are an uncommon location for osteosarcoma?
- long bone metaphyses
- vertebral body
- epiphyseal plate
- periosteum

Back 90

Which of the following is/are an uncommon location for osteosarcoma?
- long bone metaphyses+
- periosteum+

Front 91

Which of the following factors are involved in the formation and development of osteoporosis?
- serum parathyroid hormone
- long-term confinement to bed
- postmenopause
- aldosteronism

Back 91

Which of the following factors are involved in the formation and development of osteoporosis?
- long-term confinement to bed+
- postmenopause+

Front 92

Which of the following conditions are associated with systemic manifestations?
- osteoarthritis
- polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
- rheumatoid arthritis
- ochronosis

Back 92

Which of the following conditions are associated with systemic manifestations?
- polyostotic fibrous dysplasia+
- rheumatoid arthritis+

Front 93

Which of the following is/are true of pathological change characterized by quantitative loss of bone tissue with bone thinning?
- it is a malignancy that affects younger individuals
- it is called osteoporosis
- decreases mineralized and non-mineralized tissue components
- cartilages are usually dark

Back 93

Which of the following is/are true of pathological change characterized by quantitative loss of bone tissue with bone thinning?
- it is called osteoporosis+
- decreases mineralized and non-mineralized tissue components+

Front 94

Which condition is/are characterized by exophytic protrusions affecting bones of the skull?
- fibrous dysplasia
- osteoma
- Gardner's syndrome
- Enchondroma

Back 94

Which condition is/are characterized by exophytic protrusions affecting bones of the skull?
- osteoma+
- Gardner's syndrome+

Front 95

Which of the following diseases are associated with McCune-Albright syndrome?
- fibrous dysplasia
- osteosarcoma
- Paget's disease
- pubertas praecox

Back 95

Which of the following diseases are associated with McCune-Albright syndrome?
- fibrous dysplasia+
- pubertas praecox+

Front 96

Which of the following conditions are associated with multiple bone involvement?
- fibrous dysplasia
- osteoid osteoma
- osteoblastoma
- enchondroma

Back 96

Which of the following conditions are associated with multiple bone involvement?
- fibrous dysplasia+
- enchondroma+

Front 97

In which of the following sites has an increased incidence of osteoporosis-associated fractures?
- vertebrae
- metacarpal bones
- hip
- none of the above

Back 97

In which of the following sites has an increased incidence of osteoporosis-associated fractures?
- vertebrae+
- hip+

Front 98

Which of the following is/are true of Ewing's sarcoma?
- occurrence in metaphyses
- presence in the pineal gland
- affects vertebral bodies
- occurs in the diaphysis

Back 98

Which of the following is/are true of Ewing's sarcoma?
- occurrence in metaphyses+
- occurs in the diaphysis+

Front 99

Which of the following is/are associated with rheumatoid arthritis?
- symmetrical joint disease
- fever
- predisposition to sarcomas development
- AL amyloidosis

Back 99

Which of the following is/are associated with rheumatoid arthritis?
- symmetrical joint disease+
- fever+

Front 100

Which of the following is/are associated with osteomalacia?
- osteosarcoma
- Rickets
- chronic renal insufficiency
- immobilization of bones

Back 100

Which of the following is/are associated with osteomalacia?
- Rickets+
- chronic renal insufficiency+

Front 101

Which of the following is/are true of spondylosis deformans?
- it is an ankylosing disease
- it is an osteoarthritis localized in vertebrae
- it is a form of rickets
- it is a degenerative change

Back 101

Which of the following is/are true of spondylosis deformans?
- it is an osteoarthritis localized in vertebrae+
- it is a degenerative change+

Front 102

Which of the following is/are true of ankylosing spondylitis?
- it is an ankylosing disease
- it is an osteoarthritis localized on vertebrae
- it is a form of rickets
- it is a seronegative arthropathy

Back 102

Which of the following is/are true of ankylosing spondylitis?
- it is an ankylosing disease+
- it is a seronegative arthropathy+

Front 103

Which of the following is/are true of Reiter's syndrome?
- it is an ankylosing spondylitis
- it is an osteoarthritis localized on vertebrae
- it is associated with urethritis
- it is a seronegative arthritis

Back 103

Which of the following is/are true of Reiter's syndrome?
- it is associated with urethritis+
- it is a seronegative arthritis+

Front 104

Which of the following is/are true of enthesitis?
- it is associated with Bechterew disease
- calcifications do not occur
- it is associated with rickets
- it is associated with ankylosing spondylitis

Back 104

Which of the following is/are true of enthesitis?
- it is associated with Bechterew disease+
- it is associated with ankylosing spondylitis +

Front 105

Which of the following is/are NOT true of osteopenia?
- it is associated with a lack of vitamin D
- it is associated with malabsorption
- it is associated with achondroplasia
- it is associated with osteomyelitis

Back 105

Which of the following is/are NOT true of osteopenia?
- it is associated with achondroplasia+
- it is associated with osteomyelitis+

Front 106

Which of the following is/are NOT true of tuberculous osteomyelitis?
- it is associated with destruction of bones by TB
- it is associated with the direct spread to the bone through pleural cavity
- it is associated with fibrinoid necrosis of vessel walls
- its predilection for the vertebrae

Back 106

Which of the following is/are NOT true of tuberculous osteomyelitis?
- it is associated with the direct spread to the bone through pleural cavity+
- it is associated with fibrinoid necrosis of vessel walls+

Front 107

Which of the following diseases are more likely to present in males?
- Paget's disease
- rheumatoid arthritis
- gout
- osteoporosis

Back 107

Which of the following diseases are more likely to present in males?
- Paget's disease+
- gout+

Front 108

A small human body frame size is associated with all the following diseases EXCEPT:
- osteoarthritis
- achondroplasia
- osteogenesis imperfecta
- Paget's disease

Back 108

A small human body frame size is associated with all the following diseases EXCEPT:
- osteoarthritis+
- Paget's disease+

Front 109

Which of the following symptoms is /are seen in osteoarthritis?
- sclerosis of bone tissue
- formation of osteophytes
- bone ankylosis
- pannus formation

Back 109

Which of the following symptoms is /are seen in osteoarthritis?
- sclerosis of bone tissue+
- formation of osteophytes+

Front 110

Which of the following symptoms are NOT characteristic for Paget's disease?
- osteomyelitis
- the possibility of transformation into osteosarcoma
- bone deformities
- increased levels of calcitonin

Back 110

Which of the following symptoms are NOT characteristic for Paget's disease?
- osteomyelitis+
- increased levels of calcitonin+

Front 111

Which of the following diseases is NOT associated with increase serum alkaline phosphatase?
- Marfan syndrome
- bone metastases
- rickets
- osteoporosis

Back 111

Which of the following diseases is NOT associated with increase serum alkaline phosphatase?
- Marfan syndrome+
- osteoporosis+

Front 112

The 7-year-old boy with mild scoliosis often suffers from fractures even after minor trauma. What other findings in this patient we can expect?
- cardiac aneurysm
- disorders of smell
- blue sclera
- dentinogenesis imperfecta

Back 112

The 7-year-old boy with mild scoliosis often suffers from fractures even after minor trauma. What other findings in this patient we can expect?
- blue sclera+
- dentinogenesis imperfecta+

Front 113

The 7-year-old boy with mild scoliosis often suffers from fractures even after minor trauma. What other findings in this patient we can expect?
- thin, poorly formed bones
- cardiac aneurysm
- pes equinovarus
- blue sclera

Back 113

The 7-year-old boy with mild scoliosis often suffers from fractures even after minor trauma. What other findings in this patient we can expect?
- thin, poorly formed bones+
- blue sclera+

Front 114

The 7-year-old boy with mild scoliosis often suffers from fractures even after minor trauma. What other findings in this patient we can expect?
- thin, poorly formed bones
- artery aneurysm in the circle of Willis
- disorders of smell
- dentinogenesis imperfecta

Back 114

The 7-year-old boy with mild scoliosis often suffers from fractures even after minor trauma. What other findings in this patient we can expect?
- thin, poorly formed bones+
- dentinogenesis imperfecta+

Front 115

The 7-year-old boy with mild scoliosis often suffers from fractures even after minor trauma. What other findings in this patient we can expect?
- granulomatous inflammation of the walls of large vessels
- Hearing disorders
- blue sclera
- coxa vara

Back 115

The 7-year-old boy with mild scoliosis often suffers from fractures even after minor trauma. What other findings in this patient we can expect?
- Hearing disorders+
- blue sclera+

Front 116

Which of the following diseases is/are characterized by periods of remission and exacerbation?
- osteoporosis
- osteomalacia
- gouty arthritis
- articular deposition of uric acid salts

Back 116

Which of the following diseases is/are characterized by periods of remission and exacerbation?
- gouty arthritis+
- articular deposition of uric acid salts+

Front 117

Which of the following diseases can be associated with hearing problems?
- osteogenesis imperfecta
- achondroplasia
- osteoporosis
- purulent mastitis

Back 117

Which of the following diseases can be associated with hearing problems?
- osteogenesis imperfecta+
- purulent mastitis+

Front 118

Which of the following morphological features are NOT characteristic of osteoarthritis?
- erosion of articular cartilage
- pannus formation
- subchondral cyst formation
- giant cell granuloma formation

Back 118

Which of the following morphological features are NOT characteristic of osteoarthritis?
- pannus formation+
- giant cell granuloma formation+

Front 119

Which of the following properties are NOT associated with pannus formation?
- cartilage erosion
- granulomatous inflammation
- liquefactive necrosis
- lymphocytic infiltrates

Back 119

Which of the following properties are NOT associated with pannus formation?
- granulomatous inflammation+
- liquefactive necrosis+

Front 120

Which of the following properties are NOT associated with pannus formation?
- proliferation of synovial cells
- neovascularization
- caseous necrosis
- histiocytic infiltrates

Back 120

Which of the following properties are NOT associated with pannus formation?
- caseous necrosis+
- histiocytic infiltrates+

Front 121

Which of the following diseases is/are characterized by excessive bone remodeling?
- osteomalacia
- Paget's disease
- hyperparathyroidism
- osteoporosis

Back 121

Which of the following diseases is/are characterized by excessive bone remodeling?
- Paget's disease+
- hyperparathyroidism+

Front 122

Which of the following is/are characteristic for gouty arthritis?
- deposited calcium salts into joints
- acute inflammation of joints
- crystals cause arthritis by the toxic effect on chondrocytes
- birefringent crystals are found in joint fluid

Back 122

Which of the following is/are characteristic for gouty arthritis?
- acute inflammation of joints+
- birefringent crystals are found in joint fluid+

Front 123

18-year-old girl presents with a lump on the surface of the femoral metaphysis. Histological examination reveals mature bone covered with a cartilage cap. Which of the following diagnosis would fit best?
- enchondroma
- osteocartilaginous exostosis
- osteochondroma
- osteoma

Back 123

18-year-old girl presents with a lump on the surface of the femoral metaphysis. Histological examination reveals mature bone covered with a cartilage cap. Which of the following diagnosis would fit best?
- osteocartilaginous exostosis+
- osteochondroma+

Front 124

Which of the following complications may present with Ollier disease?
- bone deformity
- increased risk of chondrosarcoma occurrence
- increased risk of Paget's disease
- congenital malformations involving the skeleton

Back 124

Which of the following complications may present with Ollier disease?
- bone deformity+
- increased risk of chondrosarcoma occurrence+

Front 125

Which of the following is/are NOT typical of rheumatoid arthritis?
- deposits of uric acid in the joint cavity
- presence of IgG autoantibodies called rheumatoid factor
- nonspecific growth of granulation tissue - pannus in joint space
- antinuclear antibodies in serum (ANCA)

Back 125

Which of the following is/are NOT typical of rheumatoid arthritis?
- deposits of uric acid in the joint cavity+
- antinuclear antibodies in serum (ANCA)+

Front 126

Which of the following changes in the development of osteoarthritis has significant pathogenetic importance if seen early in the disease?
- chronic inflammation of the cartilage
- proliferation of synovial cells
- change in the composition of cartilage proteoglycans
- numerical atrophy of chondrocyte populations in articular cartilage

Back 126

Which of the following changes in the development of osteoarthritis has significant pathogenetic importance if seen early in the disease?
- change in the composition of cartilage proteoglycans+
- numerical atrophy of chondrocyte populations in articular cartilage+

Front 127

Which of the following statements is/are true of Marfan syndrome?
- it is an acquired disease
- it is a genetic defect of fibrin
- patients exhibit long fingers (arachnodactylia)
- wall of aorta is often affected

Back 127

Which of the following statements is/are true of Marfan syndrome?
- patients exhibit long fingers (arachnodactylia)+
- wall of aorta is often affected+

Front 128

Which of the following statements is/are true of Marfan syndrome?
- it is a hereditary AD disease
- it is a genetic defect of fibrillin
- patients exhibit phocomelia
- hamartomas are found in the retina

Back 128

Which of the following statements is/are true of Marfan syndrome?
- it is a hereditary AD disease+
- it is a genetic defect of fibrillin+

Front 129

Which of the following statements is/are true of osteopetrosis?
- it is the synonym for Paget's disease of bone
- it is a genetic defect in fibrillin
- patients show stenosis of bone marrow with widespread cortical bone
- is a disturbance of resorption of immature bone

Back 129

Which of the following statements is/are true of osteopetrosis?
- patients show stenosis of bone marrow with widespread cortical bone+
- is a disturbance of resorption of immature bone+

Front 130

Which of the following statements is/are true of achondroplasia?
- it is a synonym for fetal chondrodystrophia
- long term survival is seen in homozygotes with mutations of FGFR3 gene
- long term survival is seen in heterozygotes with mutations of FGFR3 gene
- is caused by erroneous endesmal ossification

Back 130

Which of the following statements is/are true of achondroplasia?
- it is a synonym for fetal chondrodystrophia+
- long term survival is seen in heterozygotes with mutations of FGFR3 gene+