Pathology: Normal Cell

Front 1

Cell membrane components

Back 1

fluid phospholipid bilayer
numerous specific proteins
microvilli and cilia
surface proteins like fibronectin which play role in cell to cell interaction

Front 2

cell membrane functions

Back 2

selective barrier
structural base for enzymes and receptors which determine cell function
form boundaries of many organelles and separate them from the cytosol
protection from injurious agents
separate the interior of the cell from external surfaces, neighboring cells, or surrounding matrix

Front 3

microvilli and cilia

Back 3

plasma membrane specialization that are often specifically altered in disease

Front 4

cytosol

Back 4

watery gel that suspends cell's organelles and inclusions
chemical reactions occur mediated by free enzymes
highly organized microtrabecular network

Front 5

mitochondria

Back 5

site of fatty acid oxidation, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation
outer membrane, outer compartment, inner membrane, inner compartment (matrix), cristae, and mitochondrial DNA.
Damage results in diminished ATP production

Front 6

nucleus

Back 6

storage and transmission of genetic information
outer nuclear membrane continuous with RER

Front 7

euchromatin

Back 7

uncoiled chromatin active in generation of mRNA for protein synthesis

Front 8

heterochromatin

Back 8

coiled chromatin that is inactive in transcription

Front 9

nucleolus

Back 9

basophilic organelle composed of RNA, nucleolus-associated chromatin, and protein.
synthesis of rRNA, essential in proteins syntesis
prominence dependent upon cell's synthetic activity

Front 10

RER

Back 10

intracellular membranes studded with ribosomes
prominent in cells producing large amounts of extracellular protein
high content of acidic RNA of ribosomes

Front 11

SER

Back 11

tubular or vesicular form of cell membranes which lack ribosomes
contains enzymes that metabolize steroids, drugs, lipids, and glycogen
gives the cytoplasm a pale, finely vacuolated appearance

Front 12

Golgi apparatus

Back 12

lamellar stacks or flattened sacs of membrane, vesicles and vacuoles
synthesis of complex proteins by addition of carbohydrate molecules and production of secretory vesicles and lysosomes.

Front 13

lysosomes

Back 13

small membrane bound vesicles with hydrolytic enzymes for intracellular digestion

Front 14

microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules

Back 14

composed of protein subunits
function in the cytoskeleton and cell movement
mitotic spindle, cilia, microvilli, neurons, myocytes, and phagocytic cells

Front 15

intermediate filaments

Back 15

10nm in diameter
maintain cell shape
can be used as markers for undifferentiated neoplasms

Front 16

cytokeratins

Back 16

found in epithelial cells

Front 17

desmin

Back 17

found in muscle cells

Front 18

vimentin

Back 18

found in mesenchymal cells like fibroblasts

Front 19

Cellular inclusions

Back 19

glycogen granules, proteinaceous and lipid debris, hemosiderin, viral particles, and calcium granules.
some are normal
others reflect cell injury

Front 20

extracellular matrix

Back 20

influences cell health and function including proper structure and function as well as how cells grow and differentiate
basement membranes and interstitial matrix composed of collagens, proteoglycans, and adhesive glycoproteins