Pathology Mix

Front 1

Little League elbow

Back 1

An overuse injury of the medial epicondyle, usually caused by repetitive throwing motion. Seen in young baseball players who have not reached skeletal maturity. The motion places a valgus stress on the elbow, causing lateral compression and medial distraction on the joint.

Front 2

Volkmanns ishemic contracture

Back 2

Damage to the brachial artery. Rare but potentially devastating ischemic necrosis of the forearm muscles.

Front 3

Nursemaid's elbow

Back 3

Aka pulled elbow, seen in young children under the age of 5 years who have experienced a sudden strong traction force on the arm. Often occurs when an adult suddenly pulls on the child's arm. Causes Radial head to sublux out from under the annular ligament.

Front 4

Lateral epicondylitis

Back 4

Aka tennis elbow. Very common overuse condition that affects the common extensor tendon where it inserts into the lateral epicondyle of the humerus. common in raquet sports.

Front 5

Medial epicondylitis

Back 5

Aka golfer's elbow. Inflammation of the common flexor tendon that inserts into the medial epicondyle. Overuse condition that results in tenderness over the medial epicondyle and pain on resisted wrist flexion.

Front 6

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)

Back 6

Compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel. Symptoms include numbness and tingling in the hand.

Front 7

Dupuytren's contracture

Back 7

Palmer aponeurosis undergoes a nodular thickening. Most common in the area of the palm in line with the ring and little fingers. Fingers will develop flexion contractures.

Front 8

Swan neck deformity

Back 8

Flexion of the MCP joint, hyperextension of the PIP joint, and flexion of the DIP joint.

Front 9

Colles fracture

Back 9

Common injury of elderly people, resulting from a fall on the outstretched hand. Fracture of the distal radius.

Front 10

Mallet finger

Back 10

Caused by disruption of the VIP joint, because tendon was severed or because portion of bone or tendon attached has avulsed from the distal phalanx.

Front 11

Thoracic outlet syndrome

Back 11

Compression of the neurovascular structures (brachial plexus and subclavian artery and vein) that run from the neck to the axilla.

Front 12

Spinal stenosis

Back 12

Narrowing of the vertebral canal that houses the spinal cord.

Front 13

Cervical sprains

Back 13

Aka whiplash. Occurs when the head suddenly and violently hyperextends and then flexes.

Front 14

Dysplasia

Back 14

Aka congenital hip dislocation. Occurs when an unusually shallow acetebelum causes the femoral head to slide upward. The joint capsule remains intact, though stretched.

Front 15

Hip pointer

Back 15

Misnomer because it occurs at the pelvis not the hip. Severe bruise caused by direct trauma to the iliac crest of the pelvis. Most commonly associated with football.

Front 16

Coxa Valga

Back 16

Next shaft angle greater than 125 degrees.

Front 17

Coxa vara

Back 17

Nick shaft angle is less than the normal 125 degrees.

Front 18

Osgood-Schlatter disease

Back 18

Common overuse injury among adolescents. Involves the traction type epiphysis of the tibial tuberosity of growing bone where the tendon of the quadriceps muscle attaches.

Front 19

Terrible triad

Back 19

Single blow to the knee that involves tears of the anterior cruciate ligament, medial collateral ligament, and the medial meniscus.

Front 20

Spondylosis

Back 20

Aka spinal osteoarthritis. A degenerative disorder of vertebral structure and function. Results from bony spurs, thick ligaments, shortened disc height, reduced water content.