Pathology & Microbiology

Front 1

Established the postulates for proving the causation of disease by a specific microorganism.

Back 1

Robert Koch


pg. 263

Front 2

Established the principles of modern chemotherapy

Back 2

Paul Ehrlich


Pg. 264

Front 3

First to use phenol as a disinfectant

Back 3

Joseph Lister


pg. 262

Front 4

The smallest free-living organism known, being intermediate in size between virus & bacteria

Back 4

Mycoplasmas


pg. 270

Front 5

An intracellular, infectious parasite capable of replicating only in living cells

Back 5

Virus


Pg. 272

Front 6

Discovered penicillin

Back 6

Alexander Fleming


Pg. 266

Front 7

Theory that microorganism cause disease

Back 7

Germ Theory


Pg. 262

Front 8

One- celled organisms of the kingdom Protista; most are unicellular, although some are colonial

Back 8

Protozoa


Pg.271

Front 9

His observation of cells through a microscope formed the basis of cell theory

Back 9

Robert Hooke


pg. 262

Front 10

No life form can spontaneously appear. Living cells can only arise from preexisting living cells.

Back 10

Theory of Biogenesis
Rudolph Virchow

pg 261

Front 11

Science that deals with the study of Protozoa

Back 11

Protozoology


pg. 269

Front 12

The study of viruses & viral diseases

Back 12

Virology


pg. 269

Front 13

Vaccination against smallpox

Back 13

Edward Jenner 1798


pg. 261

Front 14

Science that studies bacteria

Back 14

Bacteriology


pg. 269

Front 15

A large group of no motile, gram negative intracellular parasites

Back 15

Chlamydia


pg. 270

Front 16

Area of science that studies Rickettsia

Back 16

Rickettsiology


pg. 269

Front 17

Small proteinaceous, infectious particles that are resistant to most procedures that modify nucleic acids.

Back 17

Prions


Pg 275

Front 18

recognized that phenol killed microorganisms

Back 18

Joseph Lister

Front 19

used cowpox as a vaccination for smallpox

Back 19

Edward Jenner

Front 20

helped save the European silk industry by identifying the protozoan that cased a silkworm disease

Back 20

Luis Pasteur

Front 21

reported microorganisms in rainwater, lake water, on the surface of human teeth, in the gut of horseflies, & in the feces of human diarrhea

Back 21

Anton van Leewenhoek

Front 22

established the causation of disease by microorganisms

Back 22

Robert Koch

Front 23

The belief that life-forms can spontaneously appear from nonliving matter is known as?

Back 23

Spontaneous Generation

Front 24

When first seen by scientists through a microscope, microorganisms & cells were referred to as?

Back 24

Little boxes

Front 25

Refers to the theory that the growth of microorganisms can be controlled because living cells can only arise from preexisting living cells

Back 25

Theory of Biogenesis

Front 26

theory that microorganisms cause disease?

Back 26

Germ Theory

Front 27

theory that all living beings are composed of individual cells?

Back 27

Cell Theory

Front 28

3 categories of fungi

Back 28

Yeasts
Molds
Dimorphic fungi

Front 29

a group of often filamentous unicellular & multicellular organisms lacking chlorophyll & usually bearing spores

Back 29

Fungi

Front 30

Grow on decomposing matter & are called saprophytes

Back 30

Fungi

Front 31

Who disproved the theory of spontaneous generation in 1859?

Back 31

Louis Pasteur

Front 32

Theory that living cells can only arise from pre existing living cells

Back 32

Virchow's 1858 theory of biogenesis.

Front 33

Steps to determine the specific microorganisms that cause a specific disease

Back 33

Koch's postulates

Front 34

chemical could be used to destroy a disease causing microorganism in the body, without harming the infected person

Back 34

magic bullet

Front 35

Paul Ehrlich tested 914 drugs before finding an effective treatment for

Back 35

Syphilis.

Front 36

In 1928, Alexander Fleming discovered

Back 36

penicillin

Front 37

The word "coccus' means

Back 37

sphere or ball

Front 38

The word "staphyl" means

Back 38

clustered together (like grapes)

Front 39

The word "aureus" means

Back 39

golden yellow color

Front 40

Eukaryotes are distinguished by

Back 40

nuclei & cytoskeleton

Front 41

"Eukaryote" means

Back 41

true nucleus

Front 42

"Prokaryote" means

Back 42

before nucleus

Front 43

Five Kingdoms of biological forms

Back 43

Monera (Porkaryotae)
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia

Front 44

Order of classification is

Back 44

Kingdom
division
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species

Front 45

the first name of a microbe refers to its

Back 45

genus

Front 46

the last name of a microbe refers to its

Back 46

species

Front 47

Microorganisms that cause disease in humans are known as

Back 47

Pathogens

Front 48

extremely small and spread by arthropod vectors such as lice, fleas, ticks, or mites

Back 48

Rickettsia

Front 49

There are more _____ in the world than any other microorganism

Back 49

Protozoa

Front 50

Four classifications of protozoa

Back 50

flagellates
amoebae
sporozoans
ciliates

Front 51

smallest category of disease causing microorganism

Back 51

Virus

Front 52

Bacteria with only one flagellum

Back 52

monotrichous

Front 53

long, whip-like, filament-containing appendages that propel bacteria in liquid

Back 53

flagella

Front 54

A sticky, gelatinous coating that surrounds the cell wall

Back 54

glycocalyx

Front 55

repeating units of fats and clusters of phosphorus

Back 55

phospholipids

Front 56

a visible group of bacteria growing on a solid medium, presumably arising from a single microorganism

Back 56

bacterial colony

Front 57

Any of various spherical bacteria
appearing in pairs

Back 57

dipplococci

Front 58

a thick-walled cell produced by a bacterium to enable it to survive unfavorable environmental conditions

Back 58

endospores

Front 59

a genus of gram-positive, nonmotile bacteria that tend to aggregate in irregular, grape-like clusters

Back 59

staphylococci

Front 60

a genus of bacteria containing gram negative rods which form a chain-like colony

Back 60

streptobacilli

Front 61

the study of the size, shape, and arrangements of microorganisms

Back 61

morphology

Front 62

bacterium with two or more flagella on either end

Back 62

lophotrichous

Front 63

bacterium with one flagellum at either end

Back 63

amphitrichous

Front 64

a method of asexual reproduction in bacteria in which cells split into two parts, each of which develops into a complete individual

Back 64

binary fission

Front 65

smallest known bacteria that can grow & reproduce outside the living host cell

Back 65

microplasm

Front 66

the process of forming an endospore

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sporulation

Front 67

A type of bacteria that is spherical or ovoid in form

Back 67

coccus

Front 68

gram-positive spherically shaped bacteria that occur in chains

Back 68

streptococci

Front 69

a double bacillus, two being linked end to end to each other

Back 69

diplocacilli

Front 70

First antibiotic was discovered?

Back 70

1928, Alexander Fleming
penicillin

Front 71

how many divisions in microbiology?

Back 71

Bacteriology
Rickettsiology
virology
protozoology
mycology

Front 72

Are bacteria prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

What kingdom?

Back 72

prokaryotic

Monera

Front 73

What shape is Rickettsia?

Back 73

rod shaped
gram negative
intracellular

Front 74

mycoplasmas are intermediate in size between____?

Back 74

viruses & bacteria

Front 75

Are protozoa eukaryotes or prokaryotes?

Which kingdom?

Back 75

eukaryotes

Protista

Front 76

3 basic shapes of bacteria?

Back 76

Sphere
rod
spiral

Front 77

3 basic arrangements of bacteria?

Back 77

pairs
chains
clusters

Front 78

Bacteria shaped like a sphere?

Back 78

coccus

Front 79

Bacteria shaped like a rod?

Back 79

Bacillus

Front 80

Bacteria shaped like a spiral?

Back 80

spirilla

Front 81

Cytoplasm is 80 percent____?

Back 81

water

Front 82

In a bacteria cell, the sticky, gelatinous coating that (well organized) surrounds the cell wall is ?

Back 82

glycocalyx

Front 83

What gives a cell motility?

Back 83

Flagella

Front 84

What are the 4 types of flagella?

Back 84

Monotrichous
amphitricous
lophotrichous
peritrichous

Front 85

Bacterium with one flagellum

Back 85

monotrichous

Front 86

bacterium with one flagellum at either end of its cell

Back 86

amphitrichous

Front 87

has two or more flagella on either end of its cell

Back 87

lophotrichous

Front 88

flagella distributed over its entire cell

Back 88

peritrichous

Front 89

when the endospore germinates, changes back into the fully developed bacterium from which it came...

Back 89

Vegetative Bacterium

Front 90

Gram positive bacteria are killed easily by sulfonamide drugs & ____?

Back 90

penicillin

Front 91

gram negative bacteria are more susceptible to?

Back 91

streptomycin &
tetracycline

Front 92

self-nourishing bacteria capable of growing in the absence of organic compounds

Back 92

Autotrophic

Front 93

Autotrophic organisms are capable of obtaining nutritional value from?

Back 93

The carbon in carbon dioxide

Front 94

require complex organic food from a carbon source to grow & develop.

Back 94

Heterotrophic

Front 95

Only survive on dead or decaying matter.

Back 95

Saprophytes

Front 96

require little oxygen (2-10 percent)

Back 96

Microaerophilic microorganism

Front 97

How much oxygen does a microaerophilic microorgamism require?

Back 97

2-10 PERCENT

Front 98

which bacteria is capable of adjusting to changes in oxygen levels in their environment?

Back 98

facultative bacteria

Front 99

How many classifications of bacteria based on their oxygen requirements?

Back 99

five