Pathology Lec 6 - Synovial Joints

Front 1

synarthroses vs diarthroses

Back 1

- synarthroses: solid nonsynovial

- diarthroses: cavitated synovial

Front 2

there is no _____ in the synovium, but it is highly vascularized. This means what process occurs rapidly?

Back 2

- basement membrane

- inflammation

Front 3

synovial fluid is an ultrafiltrate of plasma containing _________

Back 3

- hyaluronic acid

Front 4

does cartilage have a blood supply?

Back 4

- no it gets blood from the synovial fluid

Front 5

what cells destroy articular cartilage in joint diseases?

Back 5

- indigenous cells: chondrocytes, synoviocytes, inflammatory cells

Front 6

what happens to bone fragments in osteoarthritis when cartilage erodes?

Back 6

- bone on bone causes small fragments to break off

- go into synovium & elicit inflammatory response

Front 7

osteophyte

Back 7

- development of new bone in response to inflammation - can be source of pain when it grows into soft tissue

Front 8

subchondral cysts

Back 8

- when articular cartilage becomes eroded so synovial fluid goes through this channel into bone & accumulates

- cannot get back out into synovial space so forms a cyst

Front 9

_____ appear to be intrinsic to pathogenesis of osteoarthritis

Back 9

- chondrocytes

Front 10

fractures, corticosteroids, thromvosis & embolisms can lead to ______.

Back 10

- avascular necrosis

Front 11

in AVN, new living bone replaces infarct by _________

Back 11

- creeping substitution

Front 12

pannus formation

Back 12

- inflammatory membrane associated with RA

- synovial hyperplasia with lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate

- can cause ankylosis of joints

Front 13

synovial hyperplasia with lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate

Back 13

- RA

- can lead to pannus formation

Front 14

rheumatoid nodule

Back 14

- hallmark of RA

- not exclusive to joints, can see in soft tissue

- necrobiotic tissue with surrounding lymphocytes

Front 15

gouty arthritis is characterized by deposition of ___________

Back 15

- monosodium urate crystals under polarized light

- cause inflammatory reaction in joint

Front 16

what is the primary cause of gout?

Back 16

- most of the time we are not clear what causes it

Front 17

gouty tohpus

Back 17

- deposit of monosodium urate crystals in the tissue surrounded by reactive histiocytes

Front 18

pseudogout is a deposition of _____. the inflammatory response is rich in ______

Back 18

- calcium pyrophosphate crystals

- neutrophils

Front 19

how can you tell the difference b/w gout & pseudogout?

Back 19

- gout is monosodium urate crystals look sharper under polarized light

- pseudogout is calcium pyrophosphate crystals look flatter & more rhomboid

Front 20

what can gonorrhea do to the joints?

Back 20

- cause infectious arthritis

- often doesn't stain or culture well

Front 21

potts disease

Back 21

- Tb of the spine

- leads to vertebral collapse & cord compression

Front 22

what is a ganglion cyst?

Back 22

- unlined cyst, no synovium

- occur in soft tissue around joint

- does not usually recur

Front 23

bakers cyst

Back 23

- synovial cyst

- herniation of synovium through joint capsule

Front 24

what is pigmented villonodular synovitis?

Back 24

- benign neoplasm, may recurr

- proliferation of synovial fluid, hemosiderin, not inflammatory

- tendency to recur

Front 25

giant cell tumor of tendon sheath

Back 25

- small benign neoplasm with giant cells

- tends not to recur

- usually in hands near tendon

Front 26

synovial chondromatosis

Back 26

- synovium undergoes a metaplasia & produces nodules made of cartilage

- chunks of cartilage break into synovium & float in joint space causing pain